高粱A2型胞质在中国的研究与利用

高粱A2型质核互作雄性不育系是美国高粱育种家舍尔茨教授于1976年创制，1979年引入中国。它的细胞质来自埃塞俄比亚，细胞核产自印度。A2型不育性是由一对细胞核基因和细胞质基因共同作用。不育系的基因型是S2（ms2 ms2），其保持系的基因型是F2（ms2 ms2），恢复系的基因型是F2或S2（Ms2 Ms2）。对A1型不育系恢复或保持，大多对A2型也恢复或保持，少数恢复系呈保持型，说明A2具有更广泛的保持源。温度是影响育性的主要因子，在自然条件下，A2不育系雌蕊败育轻或不败育，雄蕊遇高温可散出花粉，使不育系产生少量自交结实。A2型胞质主要农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力与A1胞质无明显差异。山西省农科院1987年育成了第一个在生产中可以利用的A2细胞质雄性不育系V4A，并组配出A2型杂交种——晋杂12。该杂交种于1997年获山西省科技进步二等奖。以A2V4为母本组配并经省级审定杂交种5个。因此，该不育系的创制，于1998年获国家发明三等奖。原四平市农科院，用A2TAM428与南133组配成四杂25号，于2002年获吉林省科技进步二等奖。吉林省农科院用A2型不育系培育出吉杂80、吉杂83、吉杂96、吉杂97，辽宁农科院育出辽杂10等在生产中大面积推广。文中讨论了非迈罗胞质的育性反应及利用问题。

Study and Application on A2 Cytoplasm Male Sterility of Sorghum in China

A2–CMS of sorghum was invented by Mr. Schertz who was an American sorghum breeder in 1976. It was imported into China in1979. Its cytoplasm came from Ethiopia and its nucleus from India. A pair of nucleus gene and cytoplasm gene take common effects on A2–CMS. Its genotype is S2 (ms2 ms2 ), and B line is F2 (ms2 ms2 ) and R line is F2 or S2 (Ms2 Ms2 ). If the line can recover or maintain A1–CMS. The same effect to A2–CMS too. A little R line appear maintainer type. So, it has wider maintainer resources. The temperature is main factor to fertility. Under the natural condition, the pistil of A2–CMS has little abortion or no abortion and the stamen can shed pollen with high temperature which make a little self-seed. The heterosis and combining ability of the main agronomic characters have no significant difference between A2–CMS and A1–CMS. The first A2–CMS-V4A was bred by Academy of Agricultural sciences of Shanxi Province in 1987 in the world and the first hybrid-Jinza 12 which gained Sci-technology Progress Second Class Award in 1997 was compounded too. 5 hybrid have been approved by the Provincial Class Committee of Crop Variety Identification. Therefore, the A2–CMS gained National Invention Third Class Award in 1998. Siza 25 was bred with A2TAM428χNAN133 by original Siping Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province with A2–CMS and it gained Sci-technology Progress Second Class Award of Jilin Province in 2002. Jiza No.80, 83, 96, 97 were bred with A2–CMS in Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province. Liaoza 10 was bred in Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Liaoning Province. These hybrids are popularized widely now with large areas. The abortion of reaction and application of Non-Milo-CMS were discussed in this paper.