氮肥施用中的污染问题及防治对策

本文论述了氮肥的施用对农业生态环境的负面影响,提出合理施肥和灌溉,改良作物吸肥特性,发展控缓释肥料和生物固氮以及应用无土栽培技术等防治环境污染的对策.

Pollution Problems of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Environment and its Countermeasures

The present paper studies various environment degradation problems by excessive nitrogen fertilizer application,and puts forward to some countermeasures to prevent environmental pollution.Excess nitrogen fertilizer application cause series of soil degradation,such as soil acidification and compact,underground nitrate contamination,salinization,decline in soil fertility,and eutrophication.By the meantime,this paper regards that the main effect of excess use of N fertilizer,the volatilization of ammonia,and release of NOx,CH4,CO2 can not only cause to green house effect,but also leads to formation of holes in ozone layer.In addiction,the quality of crops is decreased and nitrate content exceeds criteria by excess nitrogen fertilizer application,which does serious harm to human beings through food chains.At last,the paper regards its countermeasures,as application reasonablely,improving the crops' ability of absorbing fertilizer,developing slow-release fertilizers and nitrogen fixation of crops,and applying landless planting.