植物离子组学研究进展

【目的】植物离子组学是研究植物体内无机元素组成的一门综合学科。通过现代高通量的元素分析手段 (如ICP-MS)，结合生物信息学、功能基因组学、数理统计学等手段研究植物吸收、养分元素积累和重金属污染物的机理及遗传学与分子生物学机制，是植物营养与环境生物学研究领域的新方向。因此，了解植物离子组学的研究方法及其应用方向对于拓展人们对植物和生态系统中元素循环机制的认识，调控植物元素循环等方面具有重大的意义。主要进展本文就近年来关于离子组学领域的研究成果，首先介绍了离子组和离子组学的概念；然后总结了离子组学的发展历程和目前从事相关研究的机构及其各自研究方向；并对离子组数据的转化和分析方法进行阐述；最后重点综述了离子组学的应用，包括从生态学角度探索生态系统中元素间的多重平衡；植物离子组与环境驱动因子、食品安全和超积累植物筛选间的关系；植物离子组结合基因组学对矿质元素吸收转运机制的探索。展望1) 从植物营养和食品安全角度出发，对粮食作物、经济作物和果树等进行离子组学研究；2) 从系统生物学或元素的生物地球化学循环角度对元素在土壤–微生物–植物、生产者–消费者–分解者等系统中的流动循环进行研究；3) 从学科交叉的角度来研究离子组学与基因组学、蛋白组学及代谢组学的相互关系。

Research progress on ionomics of plants

[Objectives]Plant ionomics is defined as a discipline for studying inorganic components in plants. It is a new research field in plant nutrition and environmental biology based on the approach development of high-throughput analytical technology, such as ICP-MS, its combination with bioinformatics, functional genomics, and mathematical statistics which study the mechanisms of uptake and accumulation of mineral elements and heavy metals. Hence, summarizing the methods and applications of ionomic study is important to understand the element cycling in plant and ecosystem.[Main advances]In this paper, the latest results and trends of the ionomic research were reviewed. Firstly, the concepts of ionome and inomics were introduced, and then the history, the related research institutions and their main research fields were summarized. Thirdly, ionomic data trasformation and analysis methods were discussed, and the applicaions of ionomic study were reviewed. At last, the paper especially focused on the elemental balances in ecosystem, relationships among the plant ionome and environmental fators, food safety and screening of hyperaccumulator, and mechamism of elemental uptake and transfer in plant from ionomic and genomic aspects. [Prospects]The further research is proposed as follows: 1) The ionome of cereal crop, cash crop and fruit tree from the aspects of plant nutrition and food safety. 2) Elemental flow and cycling in the system such as soil-microorganism-plant, producer-consumer-decomposer from the aspects of system biology and biogeochemical cycle. 3) Interactions between genome, proteome,metabolism, and ionome from interdisciplinary view.