生物质炭对植物表型及其相关基因表达影响的研究进展

【目的】生物质炭研究是近十年农业可持续发展研究的重要前沿领域。作为一种良好的土壤改良剂，生物质炭不仅能改善土壤肥力，而且能够通过改变土壤与植物的相互作用关系影响植物生长发育，最终影响作物的生产力。因此，以植物表型及其相关基因表达为视角的生物质炭研究有助于深入了解生物质炭对土壤和植物效应的作用机理，进一步充实生物质炭的农业应用的理论基础。主要进展本文回顾了近年来国内外关于生物质炭对植物生长影响的研究，从作物生产力、作物根系生长、作物病虫害和作物基因表达四个方面论述了生物质炭对植物表型和相关基因表达的影响；分析了生物质炭对植物表型及其相关基因表达的可能机理，探讨了生物质炭对植物表型及其相关基因表达研究的不足，提出了未来研究的发展方向。问题与展望未来生物质炭对植物表型和相关基因表达的研究应注重其系统性和全面性，例如建立规范化的生物质炭试验技术，特别是生物质炭相关标准和数据库的建立，同时应加强生物质炭对转基因作物的影响等方面的研究。

Advance in effect of biochar on plant phenotype and gene expression

[Objectives] As a kind of soil amendment,biochar has been proved effective to improve soil fertility and increase crop yield.The responses of crop growth to biochar amendment result from changes in the interaction of soil and plant on plant development,which finally influences crop productivity.Therefore,it is helpful to understand the mechanism of plant response to biochar amendment if we shift our view from biomass production to plant phenotype and gene expression.This will also provide a sound theoretical base for biochar usage in agriculture.[Major advances] In this review,we summarized the progress that researchers have got about biochar effects on plant growth from the following aspects:crop productivity,root growth and morphology,plant resistance to diseases and pests,and plant phenotype and gene expression.The mechanisms of biochar amendment on plant phenotype and gene expression were also discussed.In conclusion,studies that invested the effects of biochar on plant phenotype and gene expression are not enough.[Suggestions and expectations] Further studies should pay much attention to holding a systemic view on biochar studies,including establishing standard rules and setting up databases for biochar properties,effects and so on.