硫磺熏治蜂螨及其作用的初步研究

1.本试验是探讨当蜂群处于繁殖期能否应用二氧化硫熏治蜜蜂蛹房内以及卵、虫脾上的蜂螨。试验结果证明是肯定的。它不仅对蜜蜂粉蜜脾、卵虫脾上的蜂螨有特效,而且还能透过蜂蛹封盖的空隙,使蛹房内的大、小蜂螨中毒死亡。2.在一个标准巢箱加一个继箱内,燃烧25克硫磺产生的二氧化硫,对已脱去成年蜂的卵虫脾熏治10秒钟,可以彻底消灭其中所有的大、小蜂螨;对蛹脾熏治5分钟,也可以全部肃清蛹房内的小蜂螨以及大蜂螨成螨的46.7％、若螨的57.7％,而蜜蜂卵、幼虫、蛹均能正常发育不受伤害。在上述一定的药量和容积下,卵虫脾受熏1分钟,或蛹脾受熏5分钟,既能保证蜜蜂子脾的安全,又可以达到最大的杀螨效果。此两项数据,可作为生产实践上防治蜂螨的依据。3.用二氧化硫熏治蜜蜂蛹房内大、小蜂螨,其致死原因主要是进入蛹房内微量的二氧化硫,易被蜂螨扩张的气门和增高的呼吸率吸进机体各组织,并迅速溶于各组织的细胞液中,释放出亚硫酸,从而破坏〔H~+〕平衡,影响血淋巴的酸度,使其血淋巴中多种酶失去活性,导致机体代谢紊乱和机体缺氧窒息性死亡。

PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE KILLING EFFECTS OF SULPHUR FUMIGATION ON MITES

1.The purpose of this investigation is to find out if fumigating the parasitic mites proved lethal with burning sulphur to produce SO_2 together with the presence of the bee eggs.larvae and pupae in the whole brood comb at their propagating time.The result is positive.Mites wandering about the pollen nd honey comb and the brood comb were killed. Furthermore,fumes penetrated through the pores of the pupal cap and also into the chamber to poison the greater and lesser mites. 2.SO_2 produced by burning 25g sulphur in a standard kangstroth hive with additional supper,81.25 dm~3,full of brood to fumigate eggs and larvae comb without adult bees for 10 seconds completely killed the greater and lesser mites on the comb.For 5 minutes the lethal rate of the adult mites was 48.7% and nymphae 57.7%.On the other hand,the eggs,larvae,and pupae were not affected and deyeloped normally.Fumigation of the egg and larvae combs as stated above separately for one minute and five minutes not only ensured safety of the brood but also attained the killing of mites.It is recomended that in practical bee-keeping the above results are fundamental. 3.The effect of SO_2 fumigation is that the gas has high penetrating ability into the open spiracles of the mites,quicklY dissolved in the cytoplasm to become sulphurous acids that distroy the equilibrium of H-ion concentration.As a result,the acidity of the blood lymph changes.Many enzymes in the blood lymph become inactive.The organic metabolism is disturbed and finally suffocative death results due to lack of oxygen.