不同类型冬小麦品种拔节后幼穗低温敏感期的鉴定

摘要：以百农矮抗58、豫麦49－198、豫农949和偃展4110这4个小麦品种为材料，利用人工气候室处理，研究了冬小麦拔节期幼穗抗霜冻力随幼穗分化进程的变化规律。在药隔期前后对4个品种进行了抗霜冻力鉴定，进而分析了不同品种、冬春性以及幼穗发育进程等对冬小麦抗霜冻力的影响。结果表明：4个品种中百农矮抗58抗冻能力较强，其他几个品种抗冻能力相对较弱。随幼穗发育进程的推进，幼穗抗霜冻力总体呈下降趋势， 从雌雄蕊末期发育进入药隔期，幼穗的抗霜冻力骤然下降，雌雄蕊分化期之前以及药隔期之后，抗霜力的下降趋势比较平缓，表明雌雄蕊至药隔期这个阶段是冬小麦幼穗分化的低温敏感期。品种的抗霜性研究适宜在该时期展开。

Indentification of young ear’s low temperature sensitive phase after jointing stage of different type winter wheat

Pot experiments materials were carried out to determine the cold hardiness of four varieties cultivated popularly in Henan, named ＇ Bainong Aikang 58 ＇ , ＇ Yumai 49-198 ＇ , ＇ Yunong 949 ＇ , ＇ Yanzhan4110 ＇ , utilizing the artificial chamber, simulation experiment of frost damage was carried out to find how frost resistance of young ears（FRYE） variate with the differentiation phases proceeding. The results indicated that ＇ Bainong Aikang58 ＇ showed stronger cold tolerance than the others did, and the FRYE tends to decrease during the whole joining stage. Upon developing into anther connective formation phase from stamens and pistil ＇ s formation phase, FRYE drops gradually. The variation curve indicates that young ears of winter wheat develop into low temperature sensitive phase from anther connective formation phase. Frost resistance of varieties should be evaluated at anther connective formation phase. Frost resistance of young ears of 4 cultivars were tested at earlier stage of anther connective fromation phase and the effects of several factors on FRYE , such as cultivars , varietal types and development stage were analyed.