美国苜蓿贸易--趋势、经验与启示

随着我国奶产业及其它草食畜牧业转型和升级步伐的加快,市场对优质牧草的需求快速增加,特别是从美国进口苜蓿(Medicago sativa)呈"井喷式"增长态势。我国苜蓿作为一个产业发展只是近年来才起步。尽管国内苜蓿生产满足不了强大的市场需求,但研究其国际市场贸易,可以有效借鉴国际经验,尽快赶上国际苜蓿贸易发展水平。美国是苜蓿生产和贸易大国,以美国为研究对象,分析其苜蓿贸易趋势和经验,并提出相关启示对我国苜蓿贸易具有重要意义。研究结果表明,美国苜蓿愈加受到各国青睐,出口量不断增加,出口价格不断上涨;高标准、严要求的苜蓿产品质量是保障出口强有力的前提,高水平的营销策略是推动出口的重要驱动力,强大的信息追溯体系是保障质量的重要手段,低成本的运输系统是美国苜蓿出口竞争力提升的重要条件。国内应重视苜蓿国际贸易市场,提高营销策略,完善二次压缩技术,降低交通运输成本,规范实体产业并建设草产品质量追溯体系,尽快提升我国苜蓿生产水平和质量档次,从而提升苜蓿产业的竞争力。

Trend,lessons and enlightenment of the alfalfa trade in the United States

With the rapid transformation of Chinese dairy industry and other grass-feeding livestock industry, the demand of high-quality alfalfa imported from the United States has been increased fast.As a new industry developed in recent years,Chinese alfalfa industry could not meet the huge market demand.The study on the international market trade of the United States can be effectively useful to catch up with the development of in-ternational standards.The United States is the most powerful country of alfalfa production and trading,it is of great value to analyze the alfalfa trade trend and sum up the trade experience.The findings indicate that the ex-port quantity of alfalfa produced in the United States has been gradually increased,and the export price has been risen as well.The main experiences are as follows:1)High standard and strict alfalfa product quality are prerequisite to protect alfalfa exports;2)High-level marketing strategy is an important driving force to pro-mote the export;3)Powerful information traceability system is key means to ensure alfalfa quality;4)Low-cost transportation system is a critical condition to enhance the export competitiveness of alfalfa.For the pur-pose of enhancing alfalfa industry competitiveness,Chinese government should attach importance to alfalfa in-ternational trade market,improve marketing strategy,complete the secondary compression technology,regu-late industrial entities,and build grass product quality tracibility system.