南方大豆高含硫氨基酸资源筛选指标的探讨

采用南方3769份夏大豆地方品种按省分层随机抽样所得143份材料在南京两年三重复试验结果,按三个优蛋白(胱氨酸组分、甲硫氨酸组分、含硫氨基酸组分)性状值高低,剖分出相应的三个蛋白特异群体及地方群体。判别分析得到,高胱氨酸、高甲硫氨酸、高含硫氨基酸等三个特异群体由农艺性状构成的19个简易判别函数中,有17个与经济系数或粒茎比有关。三个优蛋白性状与经济系数或高粒茎比密切相关。选择高经济系数或高粒茎比后,胱氨酸组分及含硫氨基酸组分间接地显著相对提高5～7％,甲硫氨酸组分略有增加。由此建议高经济系数或高粒茎比,可作为优蛋白资源的田间筛选指标。在资源评价中可考虑经济系数或粒茎比作为鉴定指标之一。

THE TRAITS USED IN SCREENING FOR SOYBEAN GERMPLASM WITH HIGH SU- SULFUR-CONTAINING AMINO ACID COMPOSITION IO SEED PROTEIN IN SOUTHERN CHINA

The southern land race population (LRP) was represented by 143 accesions which were sampled with stratified random sampling method from a collection of 3769 soybean indigenous cultivars preserved at Soybean Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University. Three superior protein quality populations were composed of 20 cultivars with high cystine acid composition in protein,24 cultivars with high methionine acid composition in protein,21. eultivars with high sulfur -containing amino acid (cys. +met. ) composition in protein, in LRP respectively. The simple discriminant functions (disci -17) were chosen by means of discriminant analysis between LRP and 3 populations with superior protein quality. Two traits, economic coefficient (EC) and seed- to-stem ratio (SSR), were appeared on many occasions in the discriminant functions- The simple, phenotypic. genetic correlation coefficient and correlative heretability between one of two traits (EC, SSR) and one of 3 amion acids (cys. , met. , SAA) were positive and high. The cystine acid and SAA composition of the cultivars, which had been chosen high EC or high SSR cultivars in LRP, were increased by 5 - 7% signficantly, mean while, the methionine acid composition of them was increased slightly. The results suggest that the high economic coefficient or seed-to-stem ratio may ba used for screening indigenous cultivars with high sulfur -containing amino acid composition in Southern indigenous germplasm.