机器轮胎引起的土壤压实及其耕作能量消耗

用小四轮拖拉机、铁牛６５０和ＪＬ１０６５联合收割机在松软的种床上压地一遍，测定不同深度土壤体积密度的变化。结果表明：小拖碾压仅对表层土壤体积密度有一定的影响；大拖拉机和联合收割机对土壤体积密度的影响深度超过了４０ｃｍ。由于土壤体积密度的增加，导致耕作阻力及作业能量的增加，与未经碾压的种床相比，大拖拉机和联合收割机引起的压实，可使耕作阻力增加２５％，相应的能量消耗增加２００％。

SOIL COMPACTION AND TILLAGE ENERGY CONSUMPTION CAUSED BY TIRES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES

When agricultural machines carry out field managements or seedbed preparations, the soil will be compacted by the tires of the machines, which will influence the soil bulk density, porosity, temperature and make the soil condition worsen. As a result of that the crop yield will decrease and the energy consumption of soil tillage will increase. In order to analyze the effect of compaction of soil with normal moisture content on energy consumption of agricultural machinery a small wheeled tractor, Tieniu650 tractor and a JL1065 combine harvester were selected as typical machines and driven to pass over the freshly tilled soil in the spring. Then the changes of the soil bulk density and the resistance of plough draft under different treatments were measured and the tractor energy consumptions were calculated. The soil texture is loam, soil moisture content is about 16% and the soil organic matter content is about 1%. The tillage resistance, depth of shoe opener and driving speed were simultaneously measured by an improved fifth wheel gauge with different sensors in the field. The results show that the bulk density in surface soil is influenced by small wheeled tractor; that in depth reaching to 40 cm is influenced by big tractor and combine harvester. Due to the compaction of big tractor and combine harvester, the increases of tillage resistance and corresponding energy consumption are 25% and 200% respectively as compared to the original field soil.