几个苹果主栽品种生长季钙含量动态的比较分析

 对8个品种苹果（Malus domestica Borkh.）钙含量的动态变化进行了研究。结果表明，苹果叶片、新梢钙浓度随着发育而增加，不同品种生长初期差异较小，后期差异显著，特别是新梢后期差异极显著，以新红星最高，达19638.6 mg·kg-1，红富士最低，仅8751.3 mg·kg-1。果实中钙浓度以幼果期最高，随果实生长钙浓度降低，以果实迅速膨大期下降幅度最大。品种间差异极为显著，幼果期以新红星最高，达506.562 mg·kg-1，其次是粉红女士，而红富士的钙浓度只有新红星的66.27%。不同品种果实成熟时的钙浓度由高到低依次为：新红星>珊夏>粉红女士>千秋>嘎拉>红富士>红将军>新世界。通过分析果实钙吸收累积量发现，8个品种在整个生长季都持续摄入钙，以幼果期钙的吸收量较大，占总钙的35%～46%；6月25日测定的果实钙累积量较少；嘎拉、珊夏和新红星3个中早熟品种在7月27日（即较集中的果实迅速膨大期）吸收量约占果实钙吸收总量的30%，而晚熟品种果实膨大期较长，7月27日和8月29日2个测定时期均有钙摄入，红富士分别为22.6%、19.9%，粉红女士分别为26.7%、24.6%，合计累积量都超过了幼果期；各品种进入生理成熟后钙摄入量较其它时期均极显著下降。果梗中钙浓度亦随果实生长发育而增加，品种间变化规律与果实一致。

Analysis of the Changes of Calcium Content of Several Apple Cultivars in Developing Season

Changes of calcium concentration and accumulation in 8 apple cultivars were investigated. The results showed that the calcium concentration in leaves and shoots increased with the development of growth. The calcium content displayed a little difference at early stage in the season, and a significant difference at later stage, especially in shoots. The highest content of Ca of 19638.6 mg·kg-1 was observed in Starkrimson and the lowest of 8751.3 mg·kg-1 in Fuji fruits. The concentration of peduncle showed the increasing tendency with the development of fruit and accorded with the accumulation of calcium in fruit. With the development of fruit, the calcium concentration decreased rapidly from the highest in young fruit. There were significant differences in decrease of Ca content among cultivars. The young fruits of Starkrimson contained the highest calcium concentration of 506.52 mg·kg-1. Pink Lady was the next, while Red Fuji was only 66.27% of Starkrimson. The order of concentration of calcium in mature fruit were as follows: Starkrimson>Sansa>Pink Lady>Senshu>Gala>Red Fuji>Red General >New Century. After analysis showed that 8 cultivars could accumulate calcium in the whole development period, and the highest of 35%－46% of total calcium was accumulated in young fruits, the amount of accumulated Ca was lower in June. Some early cultivars, i.e. Gala, Sansa, Starkrimson, accumulated nearly 30% of total calcium in rapid growing stage. Fuji and Pink Lady had consistent accumulation of calcium, i.e. 22.6%, 19.9% and 26.7%, 24.6%, respectively, in July and August, total accumulation exceeded early stage of fruit development because they had longer growing stage. There was little accumulation after physiological maturity.