德国及蒙古沙棘品种无性系生物学和观赏性价值评估

沙棘由于其有丰富的内含物和多方面的用途正被作为＂新兴水果＂而赢得了人们越来越多的重视和喜爱.通过在柏林Baumschulenweg的育种工作,到目前为止,已经育成不同成熟期的5个雌性和4个雄性沙棘品种.更多的由欧洲和蒙古原生种产生的杂交选育工作仍在进行中.将这些无性系按照其生物学和果实性状进行评估.就单个性状来讲,各品种之间的差异非常大（比如维生素的含量在17～340mg/100g之间变动,胡萝卜素的变动范围为6.5～23.8mg/100g）.这表明,进一步的育种改良完全有可能.所有用于比较的沙棘品种由在德累斯顿Pillnitz进行的育种工作获得,这些品种将被进一步研究.为了保险起见,以及为了解决后来有可能产生的育种及植物病理学方面的问题,必须尽可能保存现有的所有的某一品种的基因多样性.为此目的,由国家资助扶持的基因库的建立是很有必要的.

Evaluation of Selected Seabuckthorn Clones (Hippophae rhamnoides) of German and Mongolian Populations for Their Agronomic and Decorative Value

Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L. ) is one of the most interesting'newly cultivated plants' for the future. The German seabuckthorn collection comprises at present all varieties bred and selected in Germany and clones in comparison to crossings of Asian origin. The accessions were evaluated for agronomic, processing and decorative properties. The variability of ascorbic acid was between 17 and 340 mg/110 g, of carotene between 6. 5 and 23. 8 mg/100 g and of oil between 1. 6 and 7. 4%. The differences from clones with parents of Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. mongolica were significant. These results indicate the possibilities for future breeding work by using parents from geographically distant genetic origins. The results and the necessity of durable preservation and supplementation of the collection and its continuous evaluation are discussed.