抗战时期陕甘宁边区的农业生产与环境保护

抗日战争时期 ,随着边区成为人民抗日的总后方 ,边区人口净增 40～ 5 0万人。巨大的人口压力和国民党的经济封锁 ,使边区军民内外交困。为了度过困难时期 ,中国共产党采取了一系列措施进行大生产运动 ,农业发展选择了大量的开垦荒地 ,虽然农业生产卓有成效 ,但林草的破坏造成整体环境质量下降 ,局部生态环境破坏严重 ,自然灾害频发。尽管边区政府认识到了环境保护的重要性 ,也进行了大规模的植树造林活动 ,并且兴修水利来改善农业环境 ,但收效甚微。欲使西部的“山川秀美”真正变为现实 ,必须要探明本区生态环境演化的历程 ,并以之为据制定本区经济可持续发展的对策 ,为生态环境的良性循环提供借鉴与指导。

Research on Ecological Environmental Changes in the Shaanxi Gansu-Ningxia Border Area during the Resistance-War Period

In order to survive,the Communist Party developed economy by explortation of cultivated land and development of industry during the Resistance-War Period,area of farm land increased greatly,the number of factory increased greatly,and forest and grass were destoried seriously. forest covery decreased from 10% to 6.25%, ecological Environment became worse in the region,the change was more serious in some aera.In fact,the border government realized the importance of the forest ,a series of policy about forest protection was ,and a great many of trees were planted ,but results are not very good because of economical pressure and arid weather. The Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border area is one of the regions where ecological environment is now,if we want to change the situation,we must know the past of the region.