新疆杏属植物花粉形态的观察

用扫描电镜对杏属4个种、36个品种(系)花粉形态进行了观察,结果表明,不同种和品种花粉的大小、形状、外表纹饰排列及孔频等特征存在明显差异.种间花粉大小,以新疆野杏最大,紫杏最小,其它2个种介于二者之间.花粉形状在种间亦存在差异,这种差异在栽培品种的某些群体亦较稳定.花粉外壁纹饰种间虽有相似排列,但纹饰粗细、孔频多少各具特色,新疆野杏和辽杏纹饰浅,西伯利亚杏次之,紫杏较复杂,近似李子,普通杏的栽培品种无论花粉大小和表面结构都出现较大变化.因此,在自然实生下以花粉形态做品种鉴定意义不大,而在种间分类上有重要参考价值.

AN OBSERVATION OF XINJIANG APRICOT POLLEN MORPHOLOGY

The apricot pollen of 4 species and 36 cultivars has been observed by a scanning electromicroscope.There is clear difference among these species and cultivars on size,patteren,lines range and porosity characteristic of pollen.According to the pollen size,the biggest is Xinjiang wild Apricot,the tiniest was a dasycarpu,the others are between above-mentioned two parties.The difference of pollen pattern is more stable in some cultivar colony.There was similar range on pollen exine lines in different species,but lines thickness and porosity had nothing in common with each other.The lines of Xinjiang wild Apricot and A.mandshurica are light,A.sibzrica is second,A.dasyarrpo is complex and liked the plum.There is quite changeable in pollen size and surface structure of A.vulgaris.These characteristics are similar to the result of peroxidase isozymes analysis.It may be little significant when we determine cultivar with pollen pattern of seedling progeny which were produced by natural cross.However,it has important referential value on genus-species classification.