Effects of intravenously administered glycopyrrolate in anesthetized horses.

The purpose of this study was to determine the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) effect of glycopyrrolate in anesthetized horses with low HR (< or = 30 beats/min). The horses were randomly treated with glycopyrrolate (2.5 micrograms/kg body weight (BW)) or saline, intravenously (i.v.) (n = 17). If HR failed to increase (by > 5 beats/min within 10 min), glycopyrrolate (same dose) was administered. Heart rate increased by > 5 beats/min in 3 out of 9 horses following the initial glycopyrrolate treatment. Overall changes in HR and mean BP were not significantly different, while systolic and diastolic BP increased significantly (P < 0.025 using a Bonferroni corrected paired t-test). On the 2nd treatment, 3 out of 7 horses given 2.5 micrograms/kg BW glycopyrrolate, and 4 out of 5 horses given 5.0 micrograms/kg BW (total dose) showed an increase in heart rate of > 5 beats/min, which was significant. A significant increase in BP was produced following treatment with 2.5 micrograms/kg BW, but not following 5.0 micrograms/kg BW. A final increase in HR, of > 5 beats/min, was associated with a significant rise in BP (P < 0.05 using an unpaired t-test). In conclusion, an increase in HR can occur with 2.5 to 5.0 micrograms of glycopyrrolate/kg BW, i.v., and results in improvement in BP in anesthetized horses.