The use of integrated soil microcosms to predict effects of pesticides on soil ecosystems |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Gothenburg, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 461, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden;2. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, P.O. Box 7050, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden;1. BRGM, the French Geological Survey, Division of Water, Environment, Process and Analyses (DEPA), 3 Avenue Claude Guillemin, 45100 Orléans, France;2. University of Tours, CNRS, INSA CVL, GREMAN UMR 7347, IUT de Blois, 15 rue de la chocolaterie, CS 2903, 41029 Blois, France;3. CDHR Centre-Val-de-Loire, 620 Rue de Cornay, 45590 Saint-Cyr-en-Val, France;4. Traitagri Centre, 28 Avenue des Pierrelets, 45380 Chaingy, France;5. University of Pardubice, Studentska 95, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic;1. University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia;2. King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;3. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland waters, 46.7 Athens-Sounio Ave., P.O. Box 712, 19013 Anavyssos, Attika, Greece;4. Sinop University, Scientific and Technological Research and Application Center, TR57000 Sinop, Turkey;5. National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania;6. Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 La Rabta, Tunis, Tunisia;1. University of Carthage, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environment Biomonitoring, Coastal Ecology and Ecotoxicology Unit, 7021 Zarzouna, Tunisia;2. King Saud University, Zoology Department, College of Science, Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;3. National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania;4. Section of Histology-Cytology, Medicine Faculty of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1007 La Rabta-Tunis, Tunisia |
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| Abstract: | Most studies that aim at assessing the effects of pesticides on soil organisms or soil ecosystem processes are related to a single species of organism or soil process. Such individual studies are usually performed according to standard test guidelines, prepared by national or international authorities or approved test organizations and used in risk assessment. Over the last four years, with scientists from Germany and Russia, we have tested integrated soil microcosms, as model terrestrial ecosystems, to assess simultaneously the overall effects of a single pesticide, on a range of representative soil organisms, ecosystem processes, and environmental fate. This integrated approach takes account of interactions between organisms and processes which may influence the overall environmental impact and fate of a pesticide. Results from a detailed study of the environmental impact of the fungicide carbendazim are presented and some results on the impact of copper on soil systems are also reviewed. Some ecosystem structural parameters that were affected include: microbial activity, nematode communities, earthworm numbers and masses and plant growth. Some of the ecosystem processes affected include: nitrogen mineralization, and nutrient transformations. |
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