Soil and foliage arthropod communities in conventional,reduced and no-tillage corn (maize,Zea mays L.) systems: A comparison after 20 years of continuous cropping |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;2. Graduate Institute of Hydrological and Oceanic Science, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;3. Department of Hydraulic and Ocean Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;1. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Domaine de Gotheron, Unité Expérimentale Recherches Intégrées, 26320 St. Marcel-les-Valence, France;2. GRAB (Groupe de Recherche en Agriculture Biologique), Domaine de Gotheron, 26320 St. Marcel-les-Valence, France;3. INRA, Domaine Saint-Paul, Site Agroparc, Unité Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles, 84914, Avignon Cedex 9, France;1. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;2. Department of Herpetology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041;3. China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China;1. Irstea, UR RECOVER, 3275, route de Cézanne, CS 40061, F-13182 Aix-en-Provence Cedex 5, France;2. Semperfloris, Place de la République, F-07000 Privas, France;3. University of Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, Rue d''Amance, F-54280 Champenoux, France;4. UMR IMBE, Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Campus de St-Jérôme, F-13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France;5. Université Grenoble Alpes, Irstea, UR LESSEM, 2 rue de la Papeterie BP 76, F-38402 St-Martin-d''Hères, France |
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| Abstract: | The influence of long-term (20 years) tillage - moldboard-plowed, reduced- and no-tillage practices - on soil-inhabiting and canopy arthropod communities was examined in corn (maize) systems during a 3-year period. Effects of a soil-applied insecticide (terbufos) on the anrthropod communities were also investigated. Damage by 3 major insect pest species of maize were evaluated: black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae); corn rootworm beetles, Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Cutworm damage to corn was lowest in the conventional-tillage treatment. Damage by this species was greater in soil-applied insecticide treatments versus no-insecticide treatment. Neither tillage treatment nor insecticide usage had a significant impact on European corn borer damage to corn. Rootworm feeding on corn varied from year to year, with no discernible effect of tillage treatment on damage levels. Total numbers of microarthropods (mites and collembola) were lowest in the conventionally- (moldboard-) plowed treatments and highest in no-tillage treatments. Insecticide treatment significantly increased oribatid mite density, but consistently lowered (although not significantly so) mesostigmatid mite populations. Insecticide application had little if any noticable influence on collembolan (springtail) numbers. With macroarthropod populations, there was a trend toward greater numbers of ground beetles and spiders in the no-tillage systems. Corn rootworm and ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) accounted for over 95% of the arthropods collected from the corn foliage. With the exception of 2 sampling dates, western corn rootworm beetle density was greater in no-tillage compared with reduced- and conventional-tillage treatments. Ladybird beetle populations were not affected by tillage or insecticide treatments. |
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