苎麻野生种质资源纤维细胞形态结构与理化特性研究

对10个苎麻野生种质的纤维细胞形态结构和理化特性进行了观测和研究，结果表明：①野生种质的韧皮部厚均小于栽培种，变幅在0．21～0．57mm之间，最厚的是青叶苎麻，最薄的是疏毛水苎麻，变异系数为5．8％且差异显著；②野生种质韧皮部纤维细胞的直径和胞壁厚度明显小于栽培种，说明它们在提高产量上利用价值不大，但除了密球苎麻外，其它苎麻的壁腔比都高于栽培种，且水苎麻、疏毛水苎麻和密球苎麻在纤维支数上明显高于栽培种，这些在纤维品质的改良上有一定的利用价值；③野生种质在纤维素含量上与栽培种的差异不显著，但其含胶率远远高于栽培种而导致剥制原麻很困难，因此不适宜直接利用而只能作为育种的亲本材料。

Study on Fibre Cell Morphology Structure and Physical and Chemical Properties of Wild Germplasm Resources in Ramie

The fibre cell morphology structure and physical and chemical properties of 10 ramie wild germplasm resources were studied. The results show that： ①the phloem thickness of wild germplasm resources （WGR） was lower than that of ramie cultivar （CK） and its variational extent was 0.21-0. 57 mm, and the thickest was B. nivea var. tenacissima and the thinest was B. pilosiuscula , and the variational coefficient was 5.8% and the difference among them was significant. ② The diameter of phloem fibre cell and cell wall thickness of WGR were markedly smaller than those of CK, which showed WGR were not worthy in increasing yield of ramie. The ratio of wall to cavity of WGR was higher than that of CK except B. densiglomerata , and the fibre fineness of B. macrophylla, B. pilosiuscula and B. densiglornerata were significantly higher than that of CK, which showed that WGR had certain value in use in improving fibre quality. ③The difference in cellulose content between WGR and CK was not significant, while the glue content of WGR was far higher than that of CK, which resulted to difficulty in peeling original hemp. In a general way, WGR were not suited to use in production while they could be used as parent materials in breeding.