滇西边缘山区传统农业的变化及其动因分析

面对20世纪80年代初我国农村实行土地联产承包责任制以来,云南山区传统农业发生极大变化的态势。通过实地调查及分析,揭示了滇西边缘山区自该年代以来传统农业发生变化的实况,综合分析了6个外部动因和两个内部动因对当地传统农业变化所起的作用,并简析其变化对该地区物种多样性的影响。结果表明:在宏观农地类型上,20世纪80年代初轮歇地的几近消失为最显著变化,主要动因为国家政策和人口、劳动力、生计手段。在微观农地田野类型上,园地和混农林有较快变化,主要动因为市场价格,政府导向,改良品种的引进和推广。此外,引起该地区农地变化的内外动因还有自然土壤条件的退化,发展需求和传统农业知识。

Analysis on Traditional Upland Agriculture's Adaptation and Its Driving Force in Marginal Mountainous Areas of West Yunnan

The traditional mountain agriculture in Yunnan has experienced a great adaptation from 1980s the implementation of the household contract responsibility system.On the basis of in-depth field survey,the traditional mountain agriculture's changes from 1980s in west Yunnan province and its driving force as well as the effects on species diversity were analyzed and revealed.The role of six outside forces and two inner forces on traditional agriculture was analyzed.The study results indicated that on the macro-level of land use type,disappear of fallow land around 1980 is the most remarkable change,national policy and farmer's livelihood are the major causes.On the micro-level of field type,fruit garden and agro-forestry changed rapidly,market demands and government orientation and upgrade crop's application are the leading causes.Besides,the deterioration of natural soil condition,the needs for development and indigenous agricultural knowledge are also the driving force for agricultural land change.