A survey of yield differences between transgenic and non-transgenic crops

In the current survey, there was no clear evidence that GM (genetically modified) crops are higher yielding than those conventionally bred<fnoteref rid="fn1">1</fnoteref>. Furthermore, there were no trials to support valid comparisons of yield per se. This article investigates GM crop yields, introducing the importance of hybrid vigour and a non-stress environment for higher percentage heritability selection and therefore more productive conventional plant breeding and improved crops. GM technology and crops are compared with proven plant breeding methods, with respect to hybrid vigour and the economic viability of both systems. These proven methods of plant breeding are (1) traditional landrace cropping, (2) conventional Mendelian breeding and (3) Isolection Mendelian breeding, and are also considered historically.