禽白血病研究进展

禽白血病是由反转录病毒科禽白血病 /肉瘤病毒群病毒 ( AL /SV)引起的禽类多种肿瘤性疾病的总称 ,感染率高 ,发病率低。 AL /SV可通过水平和垂直两种方式传播感染鸡群。鸡群感染此病会导致严重的经济损失 ,一是产生肿瘤 ,导致鸡的死亡 ;二是生产指标下降。但至今人类还不能有效的预防和治疗本病 ,控制禽白血病的主要方法是通过病原检测 ,淘汰阳性鸡 ,净化种群。国内外相继建立了多种检测禽白血病的方法 ,其中 EL ISA法能高效的检测到蛋清中的 AL SV抗原 ,具有敏感、简便、快捷、适用于大面积检测的特点 ,在种群净化中得到了广泛的应用 ,但 EL ISA诊断试剂盒在我国还未实现商品化。随着我国养禽业的发展以及科研、生产和检疫的需要 ,建立高效、实用的禽白血病检测方法 ,研究和控制本病将是今后的重要任务。文章就禽白血病的病原、流行病学、种群净化及防制等方面的研究进展进行了综述。

Development in Avian leucosis Research

Avian leucosis is a joint name of a variety of tumor diseases in avian caused by avian leucosis/sarcoma virus(AL/SV),infection with AL/SV is widespread in commercial poultry flocks, but the incidence of death is usually low. AL/SV can infect chicks by the vertical and horizontal transmission. Infection by exogenous avian leucosis viruses causes serious economic loss from neoplastic mortality and from impaired performance of sub clinically infected chickens. But people have no efficient means to prevent and cure avian leucosis up to now, Eradication program is applied to control avian leucosis by detecting ALV and excluding congenitally infected chicks form group of hatched chicks. Many biological methods have been developed for detecting infectious ALV. Of all, The ELISA procedure proved to be a highly efficient means for the detection of ALV antigen in albumen sample and is used widely in the eradication program, because of its sensitivity, its simplicity and rapidity, particularly the adaptation to large-scale screening of flocks for shedding birds. However, an ELISA kit for the detection of ALV antigen does not still become commodity in our country. With the development of breeding company and several SPF birds, and the need of scientific research,production and test, it become one of our task to develop an highly efficient and solid method for the detection of ALV antigen,study and control avian leucosis.The paper reviewed the etiology, epizoology,eradication and control of avian leucosis.