3种不同抗蓟马水平的榕树叶片表面超微结构和蜡质成分及含量的比较

为判定叶片表面结构及蜡质是否会影响寄主植物的抗虫性，以3种不同抗蓟马水平的榕树叶片作试验材料，通过扫描电镜观察叶片表面的超微结构，利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）检测叶片表面的蜡质成分及含量，比较差异性。结果表明：3种榕树叶片的表面蜡质、表皮细胞、气孔器等微形态结构明显不同，高感品种蜡质平滑，表皮细胞山脉状突起细微，气孔密度和长度均较小；低感品种蜡质略显粗糙，表皮细胞山脉状突起略显丰富，气孔长度最长；高抗品种蜡质最为粗糙，表皮细胞山脉状突起纵横交错，气孔密度最大。3种榕树叶片的表面蜡质总量存在极显著差异，高感品种和低感品种的蜡质总量相对较高；每个品种的蜡质提取液可鉴定出21种已知化学结构的化合物，各类化合物相对含量随品种抗性的不同会有所变化，醇类占比随品种抗性水平的提高而提高，烃类相反，酸类、酯类和酮类则互有高低；各主要组分的离子峰面积随品种抗蓟马水平的高低而呈现大小排序变化，含量的变化均可影响榕树品种的抗蓟马水平。

A Comparison on Surface Ultrastructure and Waxy Components & Contents of Leaves in Three Ficus Varieties with Different Resistance to Thrips

To determine whether the leaf surface ultrastructure and waxiness would affect the host plants resistance to insects, the authors took the leaves of three ficus varieties with different resistance levels to thrips as the experimental material, observed the microstructure of these leaves by scanning electron microscope, detected its waxy components & contents by GC-MS and compared the differences. The results showed that the surface waxiness, epidermal cells and stomatal apparatus of leaves in three ficus varieties were obviously different. In the highly susceptible varieties, waxiness was smooth, epidermal cells mountains looked like protrusions subtle, stomatal density and length were small. In the low susceptible varieties, waxiness was slightly rough, the epidermal cells mountains looked like protrusions slightly rich, stomata length was the longest. In the highly resistant varieties, waxiness was most rough, epidermal cells mountains looked like protrusions criss-cross, stomatal density was the biggest. The total waxiness of leaves showed highly significant difference among three ficus varieties, the highly susceptible varieties and the low susceptible varieties were relatively high. Twenty-one compounds of known chemical structure were identified from the waxy extract of all varieties, the relative quantity of each kind of chemical compound would be changed with various resistant varieties, the alcohols proportion increased with the improvement of the resistance level of ficus varieties, hydrocarbon was contrary to alcohols, acids, esters and ketones were between high and low. The ion peak area of major components would be sorting change with the level of varieties resistant to thrips, contents changes could affect the level of ficus varieties resistance to thrips.