冬作马铃薯的磷素吸收、积累、分配特征研究

田间条件下，通过布置氮磷钾肥料基追分配试验，探讨了冬作马铃薯对磷素吸收、积累和分配规律。结果表明：叶片内的磷素浓度逐渐递减；茎在齐苗后15 d左右出现一个高峰，然后逐渐下降；块茎磷素浓度呈单峰变化，峰值出现在齐苗后55 d左右，然后逐渐下降。非正常年型，每生产1 000 kg块茎需要吸收磷素（P）0.62 kg；正常年型，每生产1 000 kg块茎需要吸收磷素（P）1.02 kg。磷素在叶片中的分配率在齐苗后5 d左右最高，此后逐渐下降到5％左右；茎中的分配率在齐苗后5~25 d内分配率较高，随后逐渐下降；在块茎中的分配率随着生育进程迅速上升，说明块茎形成后有大量的磷素向块茎转移，块茎是磷素最终的贮存器官。

Characterisics of Phosphorus Absorption, Accumulation and Distribution in Winter Potato

The regularity of P uptake, accumulation and distribution with winter potato were studied by NPK allocation as base fertilizer and top dressing. The results showed that compared with the concentration of potassium and nitrogen, the concentration of phosphorus within the leaf, stem and tuber of potato was low. Phosphorus concentration in leaves kept decreasing, that in the stems reached a peak 15 days after full seedlin emergence and then gradually decreased, while that in tuber exhibited a single peak 55 days after full seedlin emergence and then gradually decreased. Phosphorus absorbed for 1 000 kg tuber in 2009~2010 was 0.62 kg while that in 2010~2011 was 1.02 kg. The distribution rate of phosphorus in the leaves was the highest during the early growth stage(5 days after full seedlin emergence) and then fallen gradually till 5% kep; The distribution rate of phosphorus in the stem kept a high level 5~25 days after full seedlin emergence and then decreased gradually. The distribution rate of phosphorus in the tuber rose quickly with the growth process. It illustrated that a large number of phosphorus transfered to the tuber after the formation of tubers and the tuber is the ultimate storage organ of phosphorus.