青海共和盆地虚拟水消费及其在荒漠化防治中的应用

虚拟水是指通过贸易方式从富水地区购买水密集产品(尤其是粮食)来获得本地水和粮食安全,将解决水短缺的途经扩展到社会经济系统。根据虚拟水概念,计算所得的2000年共和盆地城镇居民和农村居民人均年净消费的虚拟水分别为878.43、1105.61m3,全社会全年消费的虚拟水数量和实际生产产品中的虚拟水含量分别为19633.61×104、33073.57×104m3,分别是共和盆地水资源统计利用量21907.5×104m3的0.9、1.5倍多。虚拟水为共和盆地荒漠化防治与水资源保障提供了水管理措施。

Virtual Water Consumption and Desertification Controlling in the Gonghe Basin, Qinghai Province

Virtual water strategy means regions whose water is scarce achieve their water security and food security by importing water-intensive products from those water is abundant, which expands the solution of water resources scarcity to the political-economic system. The particular linkage of population, food, and trade has been the masterstroke of virtual water strategy research. Using the methodology to assess the virtual water content in crop and livestock products, the paper analysed the virtual water content in product and circulating field in the Gonghe Basin. It calculates that the virtual water consumption for urban citizens is 878.43 m 3,while for rural citizens is 1 105.61 m 3. The results showed that the total product-related and consumption-related virtual water amount was estimated to be 19 633.61×10⁴ m³ and 33 073.57×10⁴ m³ respectively,these are over 0.9 and 1.5 times to the statistical water use volume of 2 1907.5 m³. The research also discussed the political implications and potential applicability of virtual water associated with water security,economic benefit and consumption structure in the Gonghe Basin. Virtual water trade is an instrument to achieve water security and efficient water use.