上海地区南美白对虾养殖经济效益的初步分析(英文)

为探讨上海地区南美白对虾养殖经济效益,调查了南汇、奉贤、金山三地养殖面积共135hm~2,通过对数据的分析得出:(1)2002年上海地区南美白对虾投入产出比为1:1.3。(2)销售利润率为26.1％。(3)生产经营边际安全率为68.8,表明该地区南美白对虾淡水养殖总体经营状况很安全。通过对成本结构百分比的分析得出:目前上述地区养虾的固定成本和占总成本比例分别为12.8％,占87.2％,这一结果提示在通过降低成本提高效益过程中,养殖人员应重视降低变动成本。由对销售价格等因素的敏感性分析可知:销售价格、单位产量变动成本、固定成本、产量的敏感性系数分别为 4.5,-3.1、-0.23、 1.43,得出对经济效益的影响以销售价格最大,单位产量变动成本的影响则紧随其后。通过对南美白对虾养殖成本结构及经济效益的分析,提出应搞好养殖总量的规划与调控,防止增产不增收;应注意保护环境,推进科学养虾,采取可持续养虾模式。对受教育程度不高,不善管理的虾农进行培训。

A preliminary study on Penaeus vannamei farming economics in Shanghai region

To study the cost structure and economic performances of Penaeus vannamei farming in Shanghai region, about 135 hectares of fanning ponds, which are scattered in Nanhui, Fengxian and Jinshan districts belonging to Shanghai City have been investigated. .By analyzing the data collected, the paper concluded as follows. Firstly, the ratio of input to output is 1:1.3 in the P. vannamei fanning. Secondly, the market profit rate of P. vannamei farming is about 26.1% . Thirdly, the marginal security rate of operation is 68.8. The results show that the overall operation status of P. vannamei fanning is fairly secure. The study of farming cost structure shows that the fixed cost and the variable cost account for 12. 8% and 87. 2% of the total cost respectively. The results indicate that the farmers should pay more attention to the reduction of the variable cost for increasing the P. vannamei farming profits. The sensitivity analysis of the factors, including market price and others, shows that the sensitivity coefficients of the market price, the variable cost, the fixed cost and the output are 4.5,-3.1,-0.23 and 1.43, respectively. The sensitivity coefficients of the above factors show that the benefits of P. vannamei farming is influenced largely by the market price and the variable cost per unit. The author suggests that the total farming scale should be programmed to prevent the failure in the profit increase due to the expanding of fanning ponds. The author thinks it is very important to build a sustainable P. vannamei farming mode with respect to protection of environment and the improvement of profitability. In addition, the scientific methods should be introduced to the farmers whose level of education and operation is low.