重庆市涪陵区极端气候事件对榨菜栽培的影响

为了研究涪陵区频发的极端气候事件对榨菜栽培的影响，提高其产量与品质，采用1953—2010年气温、降水量等气象观测资料和1991—2010 年榨菜产量数据，通过统计分析、气候产量、相关分析、丰歉年分析等方法，分析榨菜产量和极端气候事件的相关性。结果表明：极端高温、极端低温、伏旱、暴雨对榨菜产量影响明显，发芽期的伏旱和开花结实期的极端低温影响最大。8—9 月，特别是8 月上旬，极端高温会造成减产，10 月危害不明显；膨大期和开花结实期，极端低温会造成减产；8 月，伏旱会造成播种困难，9 月上旬无明显影响；8 月，暴雨会破坏播种及发芽。该研究显示出为农业气象服务的重要性，有利于榨菜栽培的持续、稳定发展。

Impact of Extreme Climatic Events on Mustard Cultivation in Fuling District, Chongqing

In order to study the impact of frequently extreme climate events on the mustard cultivation in Fuling District and improve the yield and quality, the authors used the meteorological observation data from 1953 to 2010, including temperature and precipitation and the yield data of mustard from 1991 to 2010, and analyzed the correlation between the yield of mustard and the extreme climate events by statistical analysis, climate yield, correlation analysis, good and bad harvest years analysis. The results showed that the extreme high temperature, low temperature, drought and heavy rain affected the yield of mustard obviously. The late summer drought in the germination period and the extreme low temperature in the flowering and fruiting period had the greatest impact on it. From August to September, especially in early August, the extreme high temperature would reduce the yield, which in October was not obvious. During the stigmas period and the flowering and fruiting period, extreme low temperature would decrease the yield of mustard. In August, drought would cause difficulty in sowing, which was not obvious in early September. In August, storms could destroy seeding and germination of mustard. This study showed the importance of agricultural meteorological service, which was beneficial for the sustainable and stable development of mustard cultivation.