种植模式与施磷深度对蚕豆群体冠层结构及其产量的影响

在小区试验与大田生产试验条件下,采用三个种植密度(12 000株·667m-2,13 000株·667m-2,14000株·667m-2)、两个留苗方式(一穴单株,一穴双株)及三个施磷深度(10 cm,15 cm,20 cm)处理,通过裂区试验研究了高产蚕豆群体冠层结构指标及其对产量的影响,结果表明,13 000株·667m-2、15 cm施磷深度、双株三角留苗种植模式下,盛花期蚕豆群体叶面积指数、叶绿素SPAD值,主根长均维持在较高水平,冠层结构较优,产量最高,达到275.2 kg·667m-2;生产试验显示,"一穴双株"能有效提高蚕豆结荚率,提高产量,较常规栽培增产14%以上。提出以"深松增密,减穴加距,中层施磷"为主要内容的蚕豆高产栽培技术。

Effect of different crop systems and phosphorus placement depth on the canopy structure and production of faba bean

Effect of crop systems and phosphorus placement on the canopy structure and production of faba bean were studied using plot and field experiments of three population densities (12 000 plants·667m-2,13 000 plants· 667m-2,14 000 plants·667m-2),two pattems of seeding (plant per spot,2 plants per spot) and three phosphorus placement depths (5 m,10 cm,and 20 crm).The results showed that high yield were obtained under 15cm phosphorus depth,1.3 × 104 plants·667m-2 and wide-narrow row with 2 plants per spot.Under this pattern,leaf area index,chlorophyll SPAD value and taproot length remained higher until flowering.Increasing plant spacing by decreasing unit area increased pod retention rate and yield,with the treatment yield being higher.