基于球果和种子杉木品质遗传多样性分析及综合评价

【目的】明确不同种质杉木球果和种子品质性状的遗传多样性，并筛选优质杉木资源，为杉木的良种选育及种质资源的高效利用提供科学依据。【方法】以广西2代杉木种子园40个无性系的球果和种子为研究对象，采用方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析等分析方法，分别从球果表型性状、种子发芽特性和种子优良度性状对15个品质指标进行遗传多样性分析和综合评价。【结果】40个杉木无性系球果和种子15个品质性状的遗传多样性指数介于1.4792~2.0803，均值为1.9090，其中遗传多样性指数最大的是空粒率，最小的是霉变率；变异系数介于4.55%~120.72%，均值为29.60%，其中变异系数最大的是霉变率，最小的是果形指数；遗传力介于0.366~0.969，均值为0.843，其中遗传力最大的是球果横径，最小的是空粒率。除空粒率在无性系间差异显著（P<0.05）外，其他14个品质性状在无性系间差异均达极显著（P<0.01）。40个杉木无性系可划分为四大类群，其中，类群Ⅱ的综合性状最优，类群Ⅰ的种子优良性状最好。对15个杉木球果和种子品质性状进行主成分分析，综合性状排名前8位的无性系编号分别是14、34、28、31、38、9、29、27。【结论】广西2代杉木种子园40个无性系球果和种子品质性状的遗传多样性丰富，筛选出的8个无性系可作为优良材料用于杉木种质资源开发、保存和利用。

Genetic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of cone and seed quality of Cunninghamia lanceolata

【Objective】The genetic diversity of cone and seed quality traits of different Cunninghamia lanceolata germplasms was clarified, and the high quality resources were screened to provide scientific basis for the breeding of C. lanceolata varieties and the efficient utilization of germplasm resources.【Method】The cones and seeds of 40 clones in the second-generation seed orchard of C. lanceolata in Guangxi were selected as the research objects in this study. Using variance analysis, cluster analysis, principal component analysis, 15 quality traits from three aspects(cone phenotypic traits, seed germination characteristics and seed excellence traits) were analyzed and comprehensively evaluated.【Result】 The genetic diversity index of 15 quality traits of 40 C. lanceolata clones ranged from 1.4792 to 2.0803, with an average of 1.9090. The largest genetic diversity index was empty seed rate, and the smallest was moldy seed rate. The coefficient of variation ranged from 4.55% to 120.72%, with an average of 29.60%. The largest coefficient of variation was moldy seed rate, and the smallest was fruit shape index. The heritability was between 0.366 and 0.969, with an average value of 0.843. The largest heritability was cone horizontal diameter, and the smallest was empty seed rate. Empty seed rate had significant differences among clones(P<0.05), the other 14 quality traits had extremely significant differences among clones(P<0.01). The 40 clones of C. lanceolata could be divided into four groups. Among them, group II had the best comprehensive traits, and group I had the best seed excellence traits. Principal component analysis was conducted on the quality traits of 15 C. lanceolata cones and seeds. The top eight clones with comprehensive traits were numbered as 14, 34, 28, 31, 38, 9, 29 and 27, respectively.【Conclusion】The genetic diversity of cone and seed quality traits of 40 clones in second-generation seed orchard of C. lanceolata in Guangxi is rich, and 8 clones screened can be used as excellent materials for the development, preservation and utilization of germplasm resources.