Genetic diversity of wild coffee (Coffea arabica L.) using molecular markers |
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Authors: | F Anthony B Bertrand O Quiros A Wilches P Lashermes J Berthaud A Charrier |
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Institution: | (1) CATIE, Ap. 59, 7170 Turrialba, Costa Rica;(2) IRD, BP 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France;(3) ENSAM, Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France |
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Abstract: | Genetic diversity was studied using RAPD markers among119 coffee (Coffea arabica L.) individuals representing 88 accessions derived from spontaneous and subspontaneous trees in Ethiopia, the primary centre
of species diversity, six cultivars grown locally in Ethiopia, and two accessions derived from the genetic populations Typica
and Bourbon, spread in the 18th century, which gave rise to the most currently grown cultivars. Twenty-nine polymorphic fragments were used to calculate
a similarity index and construct dendrograms. The Ethiopian material was separated from the Typica- and Bourbon-derived accessions
and classified in four groups: one with most of the collected material from southwestern Ethiopia and three from southern
and southeastern Ethiopia. Almost all detected diversity was found in the southwestern group while the southern and southeastern
groups presented only 59% of identified markers. The genetic distances were low between the southwestern group and the southern
and southeastern groups, and between the southwestern group and the Typica- and Bourbon-derived accessions. The cultivated
coffee derived from the genetic populations Typica and Bourbon appeared little differentiated from wild coffee growing in
the southwest. The results supported the hypothesis that southwestern Ethiopian coffee trees could have been introduced recently
in the south and southeast. A separate analysis of the 80accessions classified in the southwestern group allowed identifying
particular spontaneous- and subspontaneous-derived accessions and redundancies in the collected material from southwestern
Ethiopia. RAPD markers did not detect any within-collection polymorphism except for two trees that were identified as off-types
in the CATIE field genebank.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | Coffea arabica coffee genetic diversity genetic resources RAPD markers |
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