四川省马铃薯种薯体系现状、问题和对策

受立体气候条件影响,四川省不同地区一年四季均有马铃薯种植和收获。自2006年来全省马铃薯年种植面积已达到60万hm2以上,2009年达到了73.3万hm2。全省需要种薯量达到了近150万t,其中来自农民自留种的比例约为70%,外购种薯约占30%。虽然各级部门正想方设法改进种薯体系,但存在着优质种薯供应量不足、三代种薯体系尚未建立、质量控制体系尚未健全和种薯质量较差等问题,造成全省马铃薯产量长期徘徊在每公顷16.5~17.9 t之间。通过建立省级基础脱毒种苗供应中心、建立三代种薯体系、增加各级种薯生产能力、改进种薯贮藏条件、提高自留种薯质量和规范种薯繁供体系,将迅速提高全省种薯质量,促进马铃薯产业健康发展。

Situation,Problems and Strategies for Seed Potato System in Sichuan

Potatoes can be pla nted and harvested year round in different places in Sichuan Province due to the stereoscopic climate within the province.The annual potato planting area was over 600 000 ha after 2006 and reached 733 000 ha in 2009.The annual need for seed potatoes is about 1.5 million tons with 70% from farmers' self-kept seeds and 30% from the purchased seeds.The problems,such as insufficient good seeds,no 3 G seed system,incomplete quality control system,and low quality seed potatoes,are still affecting the potato yield which has been fluctuating from 16.5 to 17.9 ton.ha-1 for a long time though the authorities have taken many actions on the improvement of seed sector in the province.To establish the provincial virus-free in-vitro plantlet supply centers,to establish 3 G seed system,to increase the seed production capacity at all classes,to build better seed storage,to improve the farmer self-kept seed potatoes,and to regulate the system for seed production and supply will improve the seed quality and promote the potato industry development in the province.