罗非鱼产业标准化现状及分析

目前全球有100多个国家和地区开展罗非鱼养殖，年产量已超过200万吨。近十年来我国的罗非鱼产量以平均每年9%左右的速度递增，居世界第一，是我国优势出口水产品之一。为了了解罗非鱼产业标准化现状，调查现行标准在这个行业的适用性，利用到广东、广西和海南等罗非鱼主产区进行实地走访、资料收集和发放调查表等调研手段，考察了我国罗非鱼生产、流通全过程。了解了养殖水质、种质、鱼苗及亲本、饲料选择与投喂、病害防治与用药、运输装备的清洁卫生及加工与包装存在着的潜在危害。研究了现行标准实际应用情况，利用对比和分析的方法梳理了缺失及需要修订的标准。在分析和研究了先进国家所采用的健康养殖和水产品质量安全标准的前提下，结合我国罗非鱼产业实际需求和科研现状，建议制定4项标准，修订6项标准，为规范罗非鱼产业的健康发展提供保障。

The current situation and analysis of the standardization of tilapia industry

More than 100 countries and regions are rearing tilapia now, and the global annual output of tilapia has reached about two million tons. Tilapia is one of the products having an edge for export in China. Over the past decade, the tilapia production in China has been increasing at an average annual rate of about 9%, ranking first in the world. To understand the current situation of standardization of tilapia industry, and to survey the applicability of current working standard in the tilapia industry, the subject study group investigated the overall process of tilapia production and circulation in China by paying a site visit, collecting data, and distributing questionnaire etc. in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan Provinces, which are the main producing regions of tilapia aquaculture. The subject study group has already learned the potential hazard in all links of tilapia industry, such as water quality for rearing tilapia; tilapia germplasm, fry and broodstock; selection of feed and feeding; disease control and medication; sanitation and hygiene of transportation equipment; and processing and packing, etc. Actual application of the standard was investigated, the missing standards and those needing to modify were listed systematically. After research and analysis of the standards of healthy culture and quality safety, which are currently applied in advanced countries, and in combination with the actual demand and research situation of tilapia industry in China, 4 standards to be established and 6 standards to be revised were proposed to provide guarantee for healthy development of tilapia industry.