水产品在我国膳食中的地位和作用

本文从我国水产品生产地区分布上不平衡的特点出发,结合畜禽产品和国外情况,重点分析考察了沿海渔业区、淡水渔业区和山地高原非渔业区水产品在膳食中可能提供的动物蛋白质数量水平及其地位作用。着重指出了人口为全国30%的沿海渔业区占有全国73%的水产品,而人口为70%的淡水渔业区和非渔业区只占有全国水产品的27%。因而尽管1989年全国水产品蛋白质人均占有量仅为3.1克/人日,但沿海渔区却达到相当于世界多数渔业国的7.4克/人日的平均数量水平,并在动物蛋白质中占有平均40%的高比例水平,对保证膳食营养具有重要作用。在人口为40%的淡水渔业区蛋白质的平均占有量为2.0克/人日,在动物蛋白质中只占16.6%,但在淡水生产较快发展的前景下,90年代末仍有可能提高到现有全国平均水平3.1克/人日,部分省区有接近现有沿海渔业区水平的可能。但占有30%人口的非渔业区水产品蛋白质平均占有量仅为0.3克/人日,在提高膳食中动物蛋白质的作用上,不具有任何实质意义。

STATUS OF FISHERY PRODUCTS IN DIET IN CHINA

Based on the features of uneven geographic distribution of fishery production inChina and also combining with livestock poultry products as well as the present situation abroad,the level or animal protein available from fishery products in diet in the areas of coastal fishing,freshwater fishing and nonfishing mountain region were emphatically investigated. It was foundthat the coastal fishing area with a 30% of the total population of China occupied 73% of yearlytotal harvest, but instead the freshwater fishing area and nonfishing mountain region with a 70%more of the total population of China had only 27%. Although in 1989 the level of protein dailysupplied from fishery products throughout the country was approximately 3. 1 gram per capita, theaverage level of protein daily available in the coastal fishing area wa 7.4 gram per capita whichwas equivalent to the same level of most fishing nations amounting to around 40% higher in ani-mal protein. Therefore, the fishery products played an important role in assuring diet nutrition forthe people in the coastal fishing area. However, in the freshwater fishing area with a 40% of the to-tal population of China, the average level of protein available daily was only about 2.0 gram percapita that was equivalent to 16.6% in animal protein. Owing to rapid development in freshwateraquaculture in China in the recent years, it is very possible to raise the daily protein level to 3.1gram per capita in average throughout the country, whereas the protein level in some areas of cer-tain provinces might be likely approaching to that in the coastal fishing area by the end of the1990s. Unfortunately, in the nonfishing mountain region where has a 30% of the total populationof China the daily available protein level was only 0.3 gram per capita which could notsubstantially improve animal protein available in their diet.