行间免耕播种机防堵装置设计与试验

针对行间互作和宽窄行交替休闲2种保护性耕作模式缺少配套免耕播种机的现状，该文设计了一种适用于行间互作模式和宽窄行交替休闲模式的免耕播种机防堵装置，其采用组合刀片式结构，具有作业功耗小、秸秆切断率高等优点。通过理论建模和动力学分析相结合的方法对其关键部件秸秆滑切刀片滑切秸秆的过程进行研究，得出秸秆滑切刀片侧切刃最优曲线应为一条等滑切角曲线。通过三因素三水平正交组合试验得出秸秆滑切刀片的最佳参数组合为：作业速度2.1 m/s、耕作深度35 mm、刀片回旋半径为185 mm，并进行验证试验得出秸秆切断率为90.9%，单把刀片功耗为8.15 W。该研究可为适用于行间互作或宽窄行交替休闲耕作模式的免耕播种机设计提供参考。

Design and experiment of anti-blocking mechanism for inter-row no-tillage seeder

Abstract: An anti-blocking mechanism for no-tillage planters was designed, which is suitable to two kinds of tillage modes in Jilin Province: in-row and inter-row tilling alternately and wide-row and narrow-row fallowing alternately. The anti-blocking mechanism, which works in a passive way, is placed in front of the opener and has a combined blades structure. Eight slide cutting blades are fixed on a blade disc and the adjacent blades are mounted on each side of the disc respectively. When it works, the blade disc travels along with the tractor and rotates about the blade shaft under the action of the soil resistance. The side cutting blade only cuts off the stalk in a slide cutting way without crushing, thus both the rotational speed and power consumption of the blade can be reduced. Stalks can be cut off effectively when the tillage depth is not more than 60 mm through an optimal design of the curve of the side cutting edge of the slide cutting blade. The orthogonal combination experiments of three factors and three levels were conducted taking the working speed, rotational speed and rotational radius of the blade as the experimental factors by using Design-Expert software. The mechanism had advantages of lower power consumption and better soil-penetrating performance. The slide cutting process of stalks was studied by a combination of theoretical modeling and dynamic analysis, and the optimal curve of the side cutting edge was obtained. From this study we conclude that, 1) The optimal curve of the side cutting edge is a curve with equal side cutting angle, and the optimal working quality of the mechanism can be obtained when the static slide cutting angle at any point of the side cutting edge is 57°. 2) The orthogonal combination experiments of three factors and three levels showed that the order of significance of influence of the factors on the stalk-cutting rates was the tillage depth, the rotational radius of the blade and the working speed; the order of significance of influence of the factors on power consumption of single blade was the rotational radius of the blade, the tillage depth and the working speed. 3) The optimal parameter combination of the side cutting blade is that working speed of 2.1 m/s, tillage depth of 53 mm and rotational radius of 185 mm. Verification testing indicated that the stalk-cutting rate was 90.9% and the power consumption of a single blade was 8.15 W. This study can provide a reference for the design of no-till planters.