天山南坡台兰河上游草地土壤理化性质与海拔的关系研究

通过野外调查、土样采集及室内分析,对托木尔峰自然保护区台兰河上游河谷不同海拔草地表层土壤理化性质进行研究。结果表明:(1)研究区样地土壤含水量、饱和含水率、容重、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度的范围分别为9.04%~44.7%,41.39%~114.9%,1.02~1.44 g cm~(-3),4.03%~7.45%,47.48%~58.53%,51.51%~65.85%,土壤含水量、饱和含水率、非毛管孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度随海拔上升而呈增加趋势;土壤容重则随海拔高度的增加而呈降低趋势。(2)草地表层土壤平均有机质含量、全N含量、全P含量、C/N、土壤p H的范围分别在3.64%~9.22%、0.23%~0.53%、0.13%~0.15%、9.00~14.10、7.91~8.20之间有机质含量、全N含量的最大值分别约为最小值的2.5倍和2.3倍;有机质含量、全N含量、全P含量、C/N的大小均随海拔高度增加而趋于增大;土壤p H则随海拔上升不断降低。台兰河上游河谷草地表层土壤理化性质受海拔高度这一重要环境因子的影响深远且规律性显著。

Grassland Soil Physicochemical Properties at Different Altitudes in Tailan River Upstream of the Southern Slope of Tianshan Mountain

The methods of field investigation,sample collection and laboratory analysis were employed to analyze soil properties of grassland surface soil at different altitudes in Tailan River Valley of Tuomuer National Nature Reserve.The results showed that:① Soil moisture content,saturated water content,bulk density,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity,total porosity were,respectively,9.04％-44.70％,41.39％-114.90％,1.02-1.44 g cm-3,4.03％-7.45％,47.48％-58.53％,51.51％-65.85％.The averages of soil water content,saturated water content,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity,total porosity increased,while the average of soil bulk density decreased with the increase of altitude.② Contents of organic matter,total N,and total P,and values of C/N and soil pH at surface soil of grassland were,respectively,in the range of 3.64％-9.22％,0.23％-0.53％,0.13％-0.15％,9.00-14.10,7.91-8.20.The maximum values of organic matter and total N were,respectively,2.5 times and 2.3 times of their minimum value.The averages of organic matter content,total N content,total P content,and C/N were all increased,while the average of soil pH decreased with the increase of altitude.The physical and chemical properties of surface soils at different altitudes in the Head Stream Area of Tailan River were significantly affected by the altitude as an important environmental factor.