有机肥替代和稻草覆盖对中南丘陵茶园氮磷径流损失的影响

在自然降雨条件下的中南丘陵茶园小区进行定点观测,比较了农民习惯施肥处理(T1)、分别以有机肥代替10%化学氮肥或磷肥(T2、T4)及有机肥代替10%化学氮肥或磷肥+覆盖稻草(T3、T5)对不同形态氮、磷养分径流流失的影响,以期为防控茶园氮磷流失从施肥和茶园管理的角度提供借鉴。结果表明:与T1相比,T2和T4径流量减少15.4%~31.5%(P0.05),T3、T5减少46.8%~52.9%(P0.01)。相同降雨条件下,相比T1,T2和T4径流损失TN分别减少42.4%(P0.05)和57.2%(P0.05),T3和T5分别降低74.7%(P0.01)和74.6%(P0.01);相比T1,T2和T4径流损失TDN分别降低18.2%(P0.05)和39.2%(P0.05),T3和T5分别降低75.6%(P0.01)和74.1%(P0.01),与T2、T4差异极显著(P0.01);NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N流失总量表现为,T2、T4与T1差异均不显著(P0.05),T3、T5分别降低61.5%~71.9%(P0.05)和78.2%~92.7%(P0.05)。与T1相比,T2和T4处理TP流失均降低,但只有T4差异达到显著水平(P0.05),而T3、T5TP损失减少达66.5%~70.6%(P0.01)。另外,氮素流失以溶解态为主(83.8%~95.1%),而磷素流失以颗粒态为主(72.7%~84.3%)。研究证明配施有机肥和覆盖稻草均能够有效减少茶园氮磷径流损失,两者结合效果更好,对降低面源污染风险意义重大,适合大面积推广。

Effects of Organic Mmanure Substitution and Straw Mulching on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff Loss in Zhongnan Hilly Tea Plantation

Field experiment was conducted in Zhongnan hilly tea garden,and the effects of the farmers used to fertilize treatment (T1),replace the 10％ chemical nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer with organic manure (T2,T4) and organic fertilizer instead of chemical nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer + straw covering 10％ (T3 and T5) on nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient runoff erosion were explored.The results showed that compared with T1,runoff of T2 and T4 decreased by 15.4％～31.5％ (P ＜0.05),T3 and T5 reduced by 46.8％～52.9％ (P＜0.01).Compared with T1,TN runoff loss of T2 and T4 decreased by 42.4％ and 57.2％ (P ＜0.05),T3 and T5 decreased by 74.7％ and 74.6％ (P＜0.01);Compared with T1,TDN runoff loss of T2 and T4 reduced by 18.2％ and 39.2％ respectively (P ＞ 0.05),and T3 and T5 decreased by 75.6％ and 74.1％ (P＜0.01),and compared with T2,T4 showed extremely significant difference (P＜0.01).As for NH4+-N and NO3--N loss,there were no significance between T1 and T4 and T1 (P＞ 0.05),while T3 andT5 reduced by 61.5％～71.9％ and 78.2％～71.9％,respectively (P＜0.05).Compared with T1,T2 and T4 reduced the loss of TP,but only T4 was significant (P＜0.05),and TP loss of T3 and T5 reduced by 66.5％～70.6％ (P＜0.01).In addition,TN ran off mainly through dissolved nitrogen loss (83.8％～95.1％),and phosphorus ran off mainly through particle state (72.7 ％ ～84.3％).Studies indicate that organic fertilizer and covering straw can effectively reduce nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss of the tea garden,and the combination effect is better,and it is of great significance to reduce the risk of non-point source pollution,and it is suitable for large area promotion.