海州露天煤矿排土场复垦区不同土地利用类型土壤入渗特征

为揭示排土场复垦区不同土地利用类型土壤的水源涵养功能,采用野外实地双环入渗试验和室内理化分析方法,系统地研究了海州露天煤矿排土场复垦区不同土地利用类型(乔木林地、灌木林地、农用地、荒草地)土壤入渗特性及其影响因素。结果表明:不同土地利用类型下的土壤初始入渗率、稳定入渗率和累计入渗量均表现为乔木林地灌木林地农用地荒草地;不同土地利用类型下土壤入渗过程的拟合优度存在差异,G-P综合模型、Kastiakov模型、Horton模型的平均拟合优度依次为0.926,0.908,0.905。G-P综合模型相对误差为79.21%~123.69%,更接近排土场复垦区土壤入渗的实际过程,可作为排土场复垦区土壤入渗过程的预测模型;不同土地利用类型下土壤初始入渗率与非毛管孔隙度呈显著正相关,稳定入渗率和累计入渗量与非毛管孔隙度、砾石含量和部分根系特征呈显著正相关;采用主成分分析评价的土壤入渗能力排序为乔木林地灌木林地农用地荒草地,初始入渗率、稳定入渗率、14min入渗率和累积入渗量的主成分方差累积贡献率为99.047%,较好地表达了土壤入渗能力。

Soil Infiltration Characteristics under Different Land Utilization Types in the Dump Reclamation Area of the Haizhou Open-cast Coal Mine

In order to investigate the function of water conservation in lands of different using types in the dump reclamation area,using field double-ring infiltration method and indoor soil physical and chemical analysis,this paper systematically investigated soil infiltration characteristics and their influencing factors under different utilization types (arbor,shrub,farmland,and grassland) in the dump reclamation area.The results indicated that infiltration rates,stable infiltration rate,and cumulative infiltration under different utilization types in the dump reclamation area showed the following order of arbor ＞ shrub ＞ farmland ＞ grassland;The goodness of fit of the infiltrating processes were different under different utilization types in the dump reclamation area,with the average value being 0.926,0.908,and 0.905 for the G-P model,the Kastiakov model,and the Horton model,respectively.The relative error of the G-P model was 79.2％-123.69％,it was closed to the actual process of soil infiltration in the reclaimed area,and could be used as the prediction model of soil infiltration process in the reclaimed area.The initial infiltration rate under different utilization types in the dump reclamation area had significantly positive correlations with non-capillary porosity,and stable infiltration rate,while cumulative infiltration had significantly positive correlations with non-capillary porosity,gravel content,root length density,and root surface area density.Principal component analysis showed that soil infiltration capacity followed the order of arbor ＞ shrub ＞ farmland ＞ grassland.The initial infiltration rate,stable infiltration rate,14 min infiltration rate,and cumulative infiltration together accounted for 99.047％ of the principal component variance,and described the soil infiltration capacity well.