不同原料有机营养对烟田土壤性质和烟叶产质量的影响

为探究不同有机肥对连作植烟土壤的改良效果,在郏县和洛宁2个实验点同时开展田间对比试验,分析了植物源有机肥、动物源有机肥、微生物有机肥、炭基有机肥、芝麻有机肥5种有机肥对烟株农艺性状、土壤理化性质及烤后烟叶产质量的影响。结果表明:施用不同有机肥可明显改善连作烟田土壤的物理性状,与对照相比土壤容重呈降低趋势,含水率呈升高趋势;洛宁炭基有机肥的T5处理与对照处理相比烟叶的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率显著提高,T5处理的蒸腾速率显著高于其他处理,与T2、T3、T6处理存在显著性差异;不同有机肥的材料来源及成分不同,改良效果也存在差异,其中郏县炭基有机肥T5处理的烟叶品质最佳且经济性状好,较对照处理产量提升15.02%,产值增加20.87%,中上等烟比例均提升12.97%,洛宁试验点也表现出相似的规律。综上,施用炭基有机肥处理能有效改善郏县和洛宁的烟田土壤特性,促进植株生长,显著提高烟叶产质量。

Effects of Organic Nutrients of Different Raw Materials on Soil Properties,Yield and Quality of Tobacco Leaves

To explore the improvement effect of different organic fertilizers on continuous cropping tobacco soil, field comparative experiments were carried out at two experimental sites in Jiaxian and Luoning at the same time, and the effects of plant-derived organic fertilizer, animal-derived organic fertilizer, microbial organic fertilizer, carbon-based organic fertilizer and sesame organic fertilizer on the agronomic traits of tobacco plants, soil physical and chemical properties, and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were analyzed. The results showed that the application of different organic fertilizers could significantly improve the physical properties of soil in continuous cropping tobacco fields. Compared with the control, the soil bulk density showed a decreasing trend, and the water content showed an increasing trend; compared with the control treatment, tobacco leaves of T5 treatment of Luoning carbon-based organic fertilizer had significantly increased net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate. The transpiration rate of T5 treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and there was a significant difference among T2, T3 and T6 treatments; different organic fertilizers had different material sources and ingredients, and there were also differences in their improvement effects. Among them, the tobacco leaves treated with Jiaxian carbon-based organic fertilizer T5 had the best quality and good economic properties, the output increased by 15.02% compared with the control treatment, the output value increased by 20.87%, and the proportion of medium and upper class leaves increased by 12.97%, and the Luoning test site also had similar result. In summary, the application of carbon-based organic fertilizer could effectively improve the soil characteristics of tobacco fields in Jiaxian and Luoning, promote plant growth and significantly improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.