能量溢出与储备碳水化合物合成对瘤胃微生物生长效率影响的研究进展

瘤胃微生物将一些ATP用来维持代谢,剩余的ATP用来进行储备碳水化合物合成和能量溢出（进行无效循环并产热）,因此,瘤胃微生物蛋白质合成效率较低。瘤胃原虫贮存的碳水化合物占绝大部分。在一些细菌纯培养实验中发现有能量溢出,最近研究发现在混合瘤胃菌群中也能发生能量溢出。通过精确测定碳水化合物贮存和能量溢出的量,以及二者对微生物生长效率的影响,可以预测微生物蛋白质产量,制定提高瘤胃微生物蛋白质生产效率的措施。综述了瘤胃微生物能量溢出和糖原储备规律方面的研究进展,以期为估测微生物蛋白质合成量,提高饲料蛋白质利用效率提供参考。

Research Advances on the Effects of Energy Spillover and Reserve Carbohydrate Synthesis on Rumen Microbial Growth Efficiency

Rumen microorganisms use some ATP to maintain metabolism, and the remaining ATP is used for reserve carbohydrate synthesis and energy overflow （ineffective circulation and heat generation）. Therefore, rumen microorganisms have low protein synthesis efficiency. Carbohydrate stored by rumen protozoa accounts for the majority. Energy spillover was found in some pure bacterial culture experiments. Recent studies have found that energy spillover can also occur in mixed rumen flora. By accurately measuring the amount of carbohydrate storage and energy spillover, and assessing their influence on the growth efficiency of microorganisms, it is preferably possible to predict the yield of microbial protein and formulate measures to improve the efficiency of rumen microbial protein production. This article reviews the research advances on rumen microbial energy spillover and glycogen reserve rules, in hoping to provide a reference for better estimation of microbial protein synthesis and improving feed protein utilization efficiency.