中国面临外来生物入侵挑战与防控对策研究——以草地贪夜蛾为例

外来生物入侵是一个影响深远的全球性问题,对各国的生态系统、环境、健康、社会、经济发展具有重大的影响。尤其是近年来,随着全球气候变暖和全球贸易自由化的加快,外来入侵生物的种类和数量呈现快速增长趋势,生物入侵的威胁日益加重,若无行之有效的防控措施,外来生物入侵可能会形成“生物恐怖”。本研究以2019年1月联合国粮农组织全球预警的重大害虫——草地贪夜蛾第一次大范围入侵中国为例,分析了入侵生物对中国经济、生态与社会的影响,阐述了外来生物可能的入侵途径,剖析了当今时代背景下中国外来生物入侵防控面临的挑战,并针对入侵生物的入侵特点和影响,提出了完善“统一监管、分工负责”的管理机制、加快外来入侵物种立法、管理体系健全、执法监督体系建立、加强外来入侵物种的基础研究和防控网络建设、深入推进科普宣传与教育等综合防控对策。

Challenges and Prevention Countermeasures of Alien Invasion in China —Spodoptera frugiperda as an Example

The alien invasion is a far-reaching global issue, which has a major impact on the ecosystem, environment, health, society and economic development of countries. Especially in recent years, with the acceleration of global warming and global trade liberalization, the species and amounts of invasive alien species have shown a rapid growth trend, leading to an increasingly serious threat. Without effective prevention and countermeasures, the alien invasion may lead to “bioterrorism”. This paper takes Spodoptera frugiperda which is a major pest invading China in a large scale in FAO global warnings in January 2019, as an example, analyzes the impact of invading organisms on China’s economy, ecology and society, and illustrates the possible invasion pathways of alien organisms, and dissects the challenges of prevention countermeasures of alien biological invasion in China in the current era, and also proposes a series of comprehensive prevention and control measures according to the invasion characteristics and impacts of invading organisms, including improving the management mechanism of “unified supervision, division of labor and responsibility”, accelerating the legislation of invasive alien species, completing the well-structured and scientific management system, establishing the law and monitoring system, strengthening the basic research of invasive alien species and the establishment of prevention and control networks, and deepening the science popularization and education.