2001—2017年我国优质杂交稻推广应用现状

对2001—2017年中国年推广面积大于0.67万hm²的优质杂交稻品种信息进行了统计分析,主要结果如下:(1)2001—2017年,优质杂交稻组合数大幅增加,从2001年的19个组合、推广面积123.2万hm²增加到2017年的214个组合、推广面积706.2万hm²,所占比例也由不足10%提高到60%;(2)年推广面积达到或超过0.67万hm²的优质两系和三系组合数分别为133和382个,累计推广面积分别达到2 565.9万hm²和5 375.0万hm²;(3)主推组合的整精米率、直链淀粉含量、胶稠度、垩白率和垩白度等理化指标得到大幅改善;(4)种业公司更加注重优质两系组合的选育和推广,而省级及以上育种单位在三系组合选育方面更具优势;(5)生产中大面积应用的优质两系不育系有Y58S、广占63S、广占63-4S等,三系不育系有中9A、宜香1A、天丰A等,扬稻6号、广恢998、蜀恢527、华占等则是优质组合的骨干恢复系。还分析了当前品质育种存在的问题,提出了稻米品质改良策略。该研究结果可为优质杂交稻的选育和推广提供借鉴。

State quo of utilization of high-quality hybrid rice varieties in China during 2001-2017

To understand state quo of the utilization of high-quality hybrid rice varieties in China, the information of high-quality hybrid rice varieties with promotion area exceeded 6 700 hm² during 2001-2017 were collected and analyzed. The results showed that: (1) The number of high-quality hybrid rice combinations sharply increased from 19 to 214 during the 17 years, and the proportion of their planting area increased from 10% (1 232 000 hm²) in 2001 to 60% (7 062 000 hm²) in 2017; (2) The numbers of high-quality two-line and three-line hybrid rice combinations with annual promotion area exceeded 6 700 hm² were 133 and 382 respectively, with total annual promotion area of 25 659 000 hm² and 53 750 000 hm² , respectively; (3) The quality indexes including the head rice rate, amylose content, gel consistency, chalky grain percentage and chalkiness degree of the main planting varieties were significantly improved; (4) The seed companies were more focused on the high-quality two-line hybrid rice breeding and promotion, while the public breeding institutions had advantage in the high-quality three-line hybrid rice breeding; 5) The photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) lines used large-scale in the high-quality two-line hybrid rice breeding were Y58S, Guangzhan 63S and Guangzhan 63-4S, etc., while the cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines used large-scale in the high-quality three-line hybrid rice breeding were Zhong 9A, Yixiang 1A and Tianfeng A, etc. Yangdao 6, Guanghui 998, Shuhui 527 and Huazhan, etc. were the key restorer lines for high-quality three-line hybrid rice breeding. In addition, problems existed in high-quality rice breeding were analyzed, and countermeasures for the quality improvement were proposed. This study could provide guidance for breeding and promotion of high-quality hybrid rice in future.