1961—2018年吉林省水稻低温冷害时空变化特征

为了研究吉林省水稻低温冷害时空演变规律,采用水稻生长发育和产量形成气象影响模式,判定吉林省1961—2018年水稻障碍型和延迟型冷害,利用数理统计方法分析水稻低温冷害时空变化特征。结果表明:1961—2018年吉林省水稻障碍型和延迟型低温冷害发生站数比呈降低趋势,障碍型低温冷害主要以轻度冷害为主,中度次之,重度最少。重度延迟型冷害发生站数比高于轻度和中度冷害。障碍型冷害发生站数比在1981—1990年最高,延迟型冷害发生站数比在1971—1980年最高。吉林省水稻障碍型低温冷害发生频率呈由西向东逐渐升高的趋势,20世纪90年代之后,冷害主要分布在东部。延迟型冷害发生频率也由西向东逐渐上升,但轻度和中度冷害主要集中分布在中西部,重度冷害主要集中在东部。研究成果可为吉林省合理搭配不同熟性的水稻品种,充分利用热量资源,抵御低温冷害提供保障。

Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Rice Cold Damage in Jilin from 1961 to 2018

To study the evolution rule of temporal and spatial characteristics of rice cold damage in Jilin, based on the model of meteorological influence on rice growth and yield formation, the rice cold damage of obstacle type and delay type from 1961 to 2018 in Jilin was determined, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of rice cold damage were analyzed by mathematical statistical method. The results showed that: the ratio of rice cold damage of obstacle type and delay type decreased from 1961 to 2018. The cold damage of obstacle type was mainly mild, followed by moderate, and the severe was the least. The ratio of severe rice cold damage of delay type was higher than that of mild and moderate. From 1981 to 1990, the ratio of stations with rice cold damage of obstacle type was the highest, and the ratio of stations with rice cold damage of delay type was the highest in 1971 to 1980. The occurrence frequency of rice cold damage of obstacle type increased gradually from the west to the east, and the cold damage mainly distributed in the east after 1990s. The frequency of rice cold damage of delay type also increased gradually from the west to the east, but the mild and moderate cold damage mainly distributed in the middle and the west, while the severe cold damage mainly concentrated in the east. The research results could provide references for Jilin to reasonably allocate rice varieties with different maturity characteristics, make full use of heat resources and resist cold damage.