几种生长调节剂对火星无核葡萄种子形成的影响

利用植物生长调节剂促使假单性结实的无核葡萄产生具有生活力的种子,采用或不采用胚培养获得实生苗,为无核葡萄育种提供一条便捷途径。采用不同生长素类和细胞分裂素类生长调节剂对火星无核葡萄花前2周进行不同浓度的处理,对果实的有核率、种子形成大小、单果种子数目及种子成苗等方面进行了研究。BA、CPPU、KT、IAA、IBA、NAA不同浓度的处理都能使火星无核葡萄产生残核。BA5、10mg/L,IAA10、20mg/L,IBA20mg/L的处理有核率达100%;KT5mg/L处理种子大小指数96.6%,为最大,而CPPU10mg/L处理种子大小指数74.5%,为最小;BA5mg/L处理单果的平均种子数3.1粒,CPPU10mg/L处理单果的平均种子数0.5粒。KT5mg/L和10mg/L处理诱导产生的种子离体培养露地播种得到萌发苗。结果表明,生长素类和细胞分裂素类生长调节剂可以促进无核葡萄形成具有生活力的种子,可为无核葡萄育种提供一种新的简便方法。

Effects of auxins and cytokinins on seed trace development of stenospermic grape cultivar Mars

This research was initiated to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators(PGRs)on stenospermic grape for promoting seed trace development. Ideally, in stenospermic genotypes, PGR treatment would lead to the formation of fully developed seeds that could be directly germinated with or without embryo culture. Such a process would supply a simple method of seedless grape breeding. PGRs (Auxins and Cytokinins)were evaluated at various concentrations for promotion of seed trace development of a stenospermic grape cultivar(Vitis spp.), Mars, in seed trace rate, seed trace development, seed trace number per berry and germination. It was found that BA, CPPU, KT, IAA, IBA and NAA could effectively develop seed trace of Mars grape at various concentrations over control treatment. The percentage of viable seeds was increased over controls by up to 100% by the treatments of BA 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L, IAA 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L and IBA 20 mg/L. The highest seed trace size index was increased over controls by up to 96.6% by the treatment of KT 5 mg/L and the lowest was 74.5% by CPPU 10 mg/L. The seed trace number per berry was 3.1 by the treatment of BA 5 mg/L, and only 0.5 by CPPU 10 mg/L. Plants were derived from the seed trace development with KT 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L in vitro and ground. The results indicate that PGRs can stimulate seed trace formation and germination in stenospermic cultivar and therefore may be a useful tool in seedless grape breeding programs.