寒地稻田水肥管理模式及其经济效益分析

针对寒地稻田区域水肥资源利用率低下等问题。以寒地黑土水稻为研究对象,设置不同的水分、氮肥、钾肥、磷肥施入水平,通过田间小区试验,采用二次饱和试验设计,结合二次回归分析建立水稻产量与水、氮肥、钾肥、磷肥之间的回归方程,然后基于农户调研数据对水肥资源的投入及产出进行经济效益分析。结果表明:各因素对水稻增产均具有促进作用,且对水稻产量影响的大小排列顺序为:水>氮>钾>磷,产量随着各因素用量的增加均表现为先增加后减小;两因素的交互作用对产量影响的大小顺序为:氮钾>氮水>钾水>氮磷>磷水>钾磷,氮与钾耦合、氮与磷耦合、氮与水耦合、钾与水耦合、磷与水耦合均有协同作用,即对产量的增加具有促进作用,钾与磷耦合具有相互替代作用,即对产量的增加具有抑制作用;以最大经济效益为目标的最优水肥投入及产出时各因素的值为施氮量128.87 kg/hm²、施钾量85.56 kg/hm²、施磷量41.74 kg/hm²、灌水量5510 m³/hm²,此时得到的最佳产量15524.22 kg/hm²,最大经济效益(目标函数值)为43607.54元/hm²。因此,合理的水、肥配施比例不仅可以提高水肥利用效率,同时可以大幅度提高水稻产量,进而提高水稻种植的经济效益。

Water and Fertilizer Management Model and Its Economic Benefit Analysis of Paddy Field in Cold Region

The primary objective of this paper is to solve the problem of the low utilization rate of water and fertilizer resources in paddy field of the cold region.The rice in the cold region was selected as the research object,and different levels of water(W),nitrogen(N),potassium(K)and phosphorus(P)were applied and the second saturation test design was adopted.The regression equations between rice yield and W,N,K and P were established by quadratic regression analysis,and then the economic benefit of water and fertilizer resources input and output was analyzed based on the survey data of farmers.The results showed that all the factors promoted the rice yield,and the order of effect on rice yield was:W>N>K>P,the rice yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of each factor.The order of the interaction of the two factors on the yield was:N&K>N&W>K&W>N&P>P&W>K&P,the coupling of N&K,N&P,N&W,K&W,P&W all had synergistic effects,which promoted the increase of yield,however,the coupling of K and P had an alternative effect,which inhibited the increase of yield.The optimal input-output of water and fertilizer aiming at the maximum economic benefit was 128.87 kg/hm² of N,85.56 kg/hm² of K,41.74 kg/hm² of P and 5510 m³/hm² of irrigation water,while the optimal yield was 15524.22 kg/hm² and the maximum economic benefit was 43607.54 yuan/hm².Therefore,reasonable water and fertilizer application ratio not only improves the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization,but also greatly improves the yield and the economic benefits of rice planting.