我国天牛虫灾的成因、现状与对策

天牛是我国危害最严重的林木害虫.虫灾的成因涉及天牛习性、环境条件和防治技术3个方面.目前的防治措施有一定的局限,对危害部位高和大面积防治还缺乏简便实用的措施.天牛研究方面有待解决的问题主要有:(1)混交林在天牛治理中的地位与控灾机制;(2)人工林经营模式;(3)天牛成虫的化学生态学;(4)林木对天牛的抗性机制.天牛虫灾的治理应坚持预防为主的方针,通过人工林栽培制度和经营模式变革,合理利用林木抗虫性,营造生态防虫林.进而研究出配套的虫害管理模式和林分经营模式,实现天牛虫灾可持续治理目标.

Contributing Factors, Present Situations and Management Strategies on the Plague of Longicorn Beetles in China

In China some species of longicorn beetles are doing serious damages to trees.Causes for the plague of longicorn beetles include the special habits of longicorn beetles,environmental factors and control methods.The present control methods take effects only in some situations.If longicorn beetles attack the upper of living trees or the control work is going to do on a large scale,the present control methods are time consuming and ineffectiveness.The questions about longicorn beetles researches are as follows:(1) The position and action mechanisms of mixed forest techniques in the longicorn beetles management;(2) Management mode of plantation;(3) The chemical ecology of adult longicorn beetles;(4) Resistance mechanism of trees to longicorn beetles.The management of harmful longicorn beetles should persist in the guiding principle,putting prevention first.The precautionary measures include the changes of cultural system and management pattern of artificial woods,making wise use of tree resistance to longicorn beetles and constructing ecological pest proof trees.In order to realize the sustainable management of longicorn beetles pest,it is also necessary to study the mode of harmful longicorn beetles management and that of plantation management.