厌氧消化技术在农村生活污水处理中的应用

随着全国农村人居环境整治的推进，农村生活污水治理越来越受到重视，亟需根据农村地区的特点和当地水环境容量，优选适宜的处理技术。厌氧消化技术因为运行管理简单、处理费用低而被国内外视为适合农村地区的低成本、低维护处理技术，已在农村生活污水处理中得到了广泛应用。本文综述了化粪池、农村户用沼气池、生活污水净化沼气池、厌氧滤池、组合处理工艺等厌氧消化技术在农村生活污水处理利用中的研究与应用现状，并从建设目标、工艺过程、停留时间、进水浓度、出水水质、建设投资、运行成本等方面对几种厌氧消化技术进行了对比和总结，最后对厌氧消化技术在农村生活污水处理中的应用提出建议。

Application of anaerobic digestion technology in rural domestic sewage treatment

With the improvement in rural human settlement environment renovation in China, increasing attention has been paid to the treatment of rural domestic sewage. There is an urgent need to select suitable treatment technologies according to the characteristics of rural areas and the local water environmental capacity. Anaerobic digestion technology has been widely used in rural sewage treatment because of its simple operation and low cost. The research and application status of anaerobic digestion technology such as septic tanks, rural household biogas, domestic sewage-purifying methane tanks, anaerobic filters, and combined treatment technology in rural domestic sewage treatment were analyzed in this study. The anaerobic digestion technology and mode were compared and summarized according to the construction target, process, residence time, influent concentration, effluent quality, construction investment, and operation cost. Finally, suggestions regarding the application of anaerobic digestion technology in rural domestic sewage treatment were proposed, which would provide a reference for scientific and reasonable application of anaerobic digestion technology in rural domestic sewage treatment.