不同土壤水势下贝莱斯芽孢杆菌B006菌剂对茄子的促生增产作用

为了明确水肥一体化灌溉系统中不同土壤水势条件下，施用芽孢杆菌B006菌剂对茄子生长及产量的促进作用，采用灌根法测定施用芽孢杆菌B006菌剂（1×10⁷ CFU·mL^-1）对盆栽茄子幼苗生长的影响。在日光温室开展两因子、两水平交互田间小区试验，在土壤水势分别为-30 kPa和-40 kPa条件下，设置施用和不施用（对照）芽孢杆菌B006菌剂共4组处理。各处理均施用278.77 kg·hm^-2化学肥料（N/P/K为17：9：34）。采用电子张力计监测土壤水势，采用水肥一体化自动灌溉系统进行灌溉。分别在移栽时和定植后30 d浇灌浓度为1×10⁷ CFU·mL^-1的B006菌剂稀释液。35 d后测定茄子的株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量和地上部干质量，50 d后调查茄子开花数，每次施肥前测定土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量，收获期测定产量，收获后测定根长和根干质量。结果表明：施用B006菌剂处理的盆栽茄子株高、茎粗、根长和根干质量比对照分别提高了16.7%、20.7%、28.7%和67.0%。在日光温室大棚试验中，施用B006菌剂处理土壤的速效磷、速效钾含量均低于对照；土壤水势-30 kPa和-40 kPa条件下，施用B006菌剂处理的茄子产量比对照分别提高了24.5%和18.1%。当灌溉量从804.88 m³·hm^-2减少到574.91 m³·hm^-2时，施用B006菌剂的两处理之间产量无显著差异。综上所述，施用芽孢杆菌B006菌剂可以促进茄子对氮、磷、钾的吸收，提高肥料利用率，从而促进植物生长，甚至在少水灌溉条件下不降低茄子产量。

Growth and yield of eggplant promoted by the application of Bacillus velezensis B006 agent under different soil water potential conditions

This study was conducted to explore whether vegetable production could be improved by using Bacillus velezensis B006 agent in fertigation system. In a pot experiment, the eggplant seedlings were irrigated with Bacillus B006 suspension at a concentration of 1×10⁷ CFU·mL^-1 during transplantation. Seedling growth was investigated after 35 days growth. In a field trial, eggplant was fertigated automatically according to an electronic tensiometer in a greenhouse. Four treatments were designed by combining two levels of soil water potential at -30 kPa and -40 kPa with and without the B. velezensis B006 agent. Chemical fertilizer with N/P/K=17:9:34 was applied in each plot at 278.77 kg·hm^-2. The B006 agent was applied at 1×10⁷ CFU·mL^-1 during transplantation after 30 d. The results showed that application of B006 suspension during transplantation could promote seedlings growth in the pot experiment. The plant height, stem diameter, root length, and root dry weight of eggplant seedlings treated with Bacillus increased by 16.7%, 20.7%, 28.7% and 67.0%, respectively. In the field trial, soil chemical analysis indicated that available P and K contents in treatments with the B006 agent were much lower than those withoutB006, and plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, root length and root dry weight were enhanced 35 days after transplantation, suggesting that B006 might help eggplant absorb more P and K, and further improve the plant growth. Eggplant yields in the two B006 treatments were increased by 24.5% and 18.1%, respectively, in comparison with the two non-B006 treatments. When the irrigation amount was reduced from 804.88m³·hm^-2 to 574.91m³·hm^-2, no yield difference was observed between the two B006 treatments. In conclusion, B006 agent could enhance eggplant plants to absorb N, P, and K, and improve the utilization efficiency of fertilizer, and resulted in the increase of the plant growth and yield even under low-irrigation condition.