隧洞施工中的塌方及预防措施

本文在工程实践的基础上,收集了大量的资料,对隧洞施工中遇到的各种坍方及预防措施进行了较系统的总结。文中将隧洞通过的易引起坍方的不同地质情况——如松散的浮土层、断层、溶洞、风化层、严重褶皱等划分为14种类型,分别提出小导坑掘进,小断面开挖,先拱后墙法,紧跟掌子面支撑、护砌、排水、控制爆破、胶结、冻结等制止或减小坍方的有效措施。文中所述的施工方法对铁路、公路、水利水电、矿山等工程中的隧洞设计及施工均有参考价值

Collapse in Tunnel Construction and Its Preventatives

This paper as based en the engineering practices, and collected a vast amount of data. It has been progressed systematic summary of various collapses in tunnel construction and pceventatives. It divided different strata that are liable to collapse in tunnel Construction into 14 types, such as loose regolith, fault, dissolve, hole, weathering mantle, serious fold and so on, anp partly adopted effective measures to curb or reduce the collapse, thatb is, small guide pite thrust, small section excavation, the way put vault before wall, follow closely, protect, drainage, control demolitions, glued freeze, etc. This paper expounds these methods overall refference value for desrgning and construction of tunnel railwar, highway, water and electricity conservancy as well as mining engineering project.