Autumn control of rosy apple aphid,Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), with aphicides |
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| Affiliation: | 1. East Malling Research, New Road, East Malling, Kent ME19 6BJ, UK;2. Henry Doubleday Research Association, Ryton Organic Gardens, Ryton on Dunsmore, Coventry CV8 3LG, UK;3. Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts AL5 2JQ, UK;1. Crop Research Institute, Department of Secondary Plant Metabolites in Crop Protection, Drnovska 507, 161 06, Prague 6, Czechia;2. Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore 632115, Tamil Nadu, India;3. Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;1. Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115-bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain;2. Instituto de Química Orgánica General, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;3. Departamento de Ciencia, Tecnología y Universidad, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón, Gobierno de Aragón, Avda Montañana 930, Zaragoza, Spain;4. Group of Applied Thermodynamics and Surfaces (GATHERS), I3A (Aragón Institute of Engineering Research), Universidad de Zaragoza, c/ Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;1. Dpto. de Ecosistemas Agroforestales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain;2. Laboratorio Agroalimentario Generalitat Valenciana, Pintor Goya 8, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain;3. Dpto. de Biología Vegetal, Universitat de València, Av. V. A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain;1. Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture/University of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Research Center for Family Farms, Research and Rural Extension Company of Santa Catarina (CEPAF/EPAGRI), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil;1. CIRAD, UPR HortSys, F-97455 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France;2. CIRAD, M2P2, UMR AGAP, F-34095 Montpellier, France;3. Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France |
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| Abstract: | Rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), is normally controlled in commercial apple orchards by an application of an aphicide in the spring. Control is often inadequate, especially in organic production where the range of aphicides permitted, which are only contact acting, is very restricted. A series of eight large-scale replicated orchard experiments evaluated control of rosy apple aphid by autumn applications of aphicides. The experiments showed that control of the aphid in the autumn with pirimicarb or pirimicarb+cypermethrin can be highly effective and, with 2–3 sprays of the organically permitted insecticide pyrethrum, moderately effective. The optimum time for spraying was week 40–41 (early–mid October), coinciding with the start of migration of males and before mating and egg laying, as indicated by Rothamsted Insect Survey suction traps at 8 sites throughout England. The other organically acceptable materials tested (potassium soap, rotenone, garlic extract, kaolin, neem extract, starch-based plant extracts) did not give useful control.The vulnerability of gynoparae and oviparae on the flat undersides of leaves (i.e. leaves not curled by aphid feeding) in the autumn where they can be directly intercepted with sprays, compared to the inaccessibility of fundatrices and fundatrigeniae enclosed in blossom clusters and leaves curled by aphid feeding in spring, is discussed. The need to develop assessment methods and treatment thresholds for autumn treatment so routine spraying can be avoided, is highlighted. |
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