Procyanidin oligomers from Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica) fruit inhibit activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 metalloproteinases

The influence of procyanidin extract from Japanese quince fruit on the activities of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted to culture medium by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and by human leukemia HL-60 cells was investigated by gelatin zymography. The extract proved to be an effective inhibitor of the enzymes activities (for MMP-2 and MMP-9 secreted by PBMC IC50 = 16-19 microg extract/mL and 22-25 microg extract/mL, respectively). To identify the most effective components of the extract it was fractionated by means of column chromatography on TSKgel Toyopearl HW-40 (S) bed. The obtained fractions were analyzed by TLC, HPLC, and MALDI-TOF MS. Their antioxidant activity was measured as cation radicals ABTS(.+) scavenging efficiency. The fractions VIII-XIV containing oligomers from trimer to hexamer (and probably higher oligomers) appeared to be the most effective inhibitors of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity (IC50 value close to 4.6 microg total polyphenols/mL). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on gelatinase-inhibitory activity of Japanese quince fruit polyphenol extract. We conclude that polyphenols from Japanese quince can be used in cancer chemoprevention, although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying their biological activities.