紫红色砂砾岩丘岗地新垦油茶幼林基地土壤的肥力特征

选择湖南浏阳市沙市镇紫红色砂砾岩组成的丘岗地上开垦的油茶幼林的一个地貌单元为研究对象,采用GPS仪定位,分上坡、中坡、下坡和坡谷网格状采样,采集不同地形部位的表层土壤,系统地研究新垦油茶基地土壤的肥力状况及其随地形部位的变化规律,并采用Kriging最优内插法得到土壤养分空间分布图。结果表明,从不同坡向的变化趋势来看,北坡和西坡的速效养分差别不大,均高于东坡;全量养分则北坡高于西坡,最低是东坡,其中东坡表土被破坏最严重,且坡度较大,而北坡最平缓,且表土破坏最轻;从不同地形部位来看,坡谷土壤的全量养分和有效养分含量均高于上坡、中坡和下坡;各养分变异系数的大小顺序为土壤有机质〉氮〉磷〉钾〉pH值。开垦成油茶林基地后,要结合测土配方施肥,增施有机肥,套种绿肥,以减少土壤养分流失,快速提高油茶基地的土壤肥力水平。

Fertility Status of Soil Reclaimed from Purple Sandstone and Conglomerate Hilly for Young Camellia

The geomorphic units derived from purple conglomerate and sandstone hilly for young Camellia in Shashi town,Liuyang City,Hunan Province,were studied.Using GPS device,surface soil were collected with the grid sampling method in the uphill,midslope,downhill slopes and valley at different slope positions,systematic investigated young Camellia base soil fertility status and with different parts of the terrain variation.The Kriging method was used to generate the spatial distribution map of soil nutrients.The results showed that：the trend from a different aspect of view,the north slope and the western slope of the available nutrients is not very different,were higher than eastern slope.The total nutrients in the northern slope is higher than the western slope,the minimum is eastern slope.Because eastern slope was the most severely damaged,and steep,but the north slope was the most gentle and topsoil destruction lightest.From the different slope positions,soil available nutrient content and soil total nutrient content of the valley plain were higher than the uphill,midslope and downhill slopes.The descending order of variation coefficients of soil nutrients was organic matter（OM） soil N soil P soil KpH.After young Camellia oleifera base reclaimed,must combine organic manure,interplanting green manure,combining soil testing and formulated fertilization to reduce soil erosion,to quickly improve the soil fertility level.