六倍体小黑麦品种资源Glu-1位点的多态性

利用SDS-PAGE技术分析了我国新疆101份和波兰11份六倍体小黑麦品种资源高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成,共检测到17种高分子量谷蛋白亚基,其中Glu-A1位点编码的HMW-GS有3种变异类型,即1(a)、2*(b)和Null(c),Glu-B1位点编码的HMW-GS有8种变异类型,即7(a)、7+8(b)、7+9(c)、6+8(d)、20(e)、13+19(g)、7+18(r)和6.8+20y(s),Glu-R1位点编码的HMW-GS有6种变异类型,即1r+4r(a)、2r+6.5r(b)、6r+13r(c)、2r+9r(d)、6.5r(e)和0.8r+6r(f)。这些小黑麦品种的HMW-GS组成以Null(c)、7+18(r)和6r+13r(c)为主,分别占58.93%、67.90%和58.00%。在112份供试材料中共检测到30种HMW-GS组合变异类型,其中[Null,7+18,6r+13r(c,r,c)]和[2*,7+18,6r+13r(b,r,c)]出现频率较高,分别为16.91%和16.02%,其他类型组合出现频率较低,个别材料具有少见的特殊亚基组合,如[2*,7+18,2r+9r(b,r,d)]、[2*,6.8+20y,2r+6.5r(b,s,b)]等类型。分析2个地域品种的遗传多样性,发现新疆品种的遗传变异范围小于波兰品种,波兰品种在Glu-1位点上的遗传变异更丰富。结果还显示,在六倍体小黑麦的人工进化过程中Glu-B1位点发生了很大变异,产生了小黑麦特有的7+18(r)和6.8+20y(s)亚基,而且频率很高,为小麦品质改良提供了丰富的基因资源。

Polymorphism of Glu-1 locus in hexaploid triticale germplasm resources

Hexaploid triticale (a new species) was artificially synthesized by crossing tetraploid wheat with rye. Its processing quality was related to its HMW-GS composition. To provide reference for the processing and utilization of hexaploid triticale germplasm resources, HMW-GS composition at Glu-1 locus was investigated in 101 samples from Xinjiang and 11 accessions from Poland using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Results showed that 3 [1(a), 2*(b), Null(c) ]; 8 [7(a), 7+8(b), 7+9(c), 6+8(d), 20(e), 13+19(g), 7+18(r), 6.8+20y(s)] and 6 [1^r+4^r(a), 2^r+6.5^r(b), 6^r+13^r(c), 2^r+9^r(d), 6.5^r(e), 0.8^r+6^r(f)] alleles were encoded by Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-R1, respectively. This indicated that alleles at Glu-R1 were the richest. Null(c) at Glu-A1, 7+18(r) at Glu-B1 and 6^r+13^r(c) at Glu-R1 were found to be the main subunits, occupying 58.93%, 67.90% and 58.00%, respectively. Other subunits such as 1(a) at Glu-A1; 7(a), 6+8(d), 13+19(g) and 6.8+20y(s) at Glu-B1; and 1^r+4^r(a) and 0.8^r+6^r(f) at Glu-R1 were only detected in a few varieties. 30 HMW glutein patterns were found in 121 accessions of Null, 7+18, 6^r+13^r (c, r, c) and 2*. Also only 7+18, 6^r+13^r (b, r, c) were the main accessions, occupying 16.91% and 16.02%, respectively. Some distinctive glutein patterns such as [2*, 7+18, 2^r+9^r(b, r, d)] and [2*, 6.8+20y, 2^r+6.5^r(b, s, b)] were detected. Genetic variations index at Glu-1 locus of triticales from Xinjiang and Poland were in the order of Glu-R1 > Glu-A1 > Glu-B1 and Glu-R1 > Glu-B1 > Glu-A1, respectively. This indicated that genetic variation at Glu-R1 locus was richer than those at Glu-A1 and Glu-B1 in all detected materials. Analysis of genetic polymorphism revealed that genetic variation in the Poland accessions was richer than that in the Xinjiang accessions. Moreover, 7+18(r) and 6.8+20y(s) at Glu-B1 were new and special subunits formed during artificial evolution of triticale. It provided rich gene resources for improving wheat processing qualities.